Chapter 1

Question 1

movement of a fibrous joint

Answer 1

no movement

Question 2

example of a fibrous joint

Answer 2

suture

Question 3

movement of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 3

limited movement

Question 4

example of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 4

intervertebral

Question 5

movement of a synovial joint

Answer 5

free movement

Question 6

example of a synovial joint

Answer 6

shoulder, knee

Question 7

example of a uniaxial joint

Answer 7

elbow

Question 8

example of a biaxial joint

Answer 8

wrist

Question 9

example of a multiracial joint

Answer 9

shoulder

Question 10

what is epimysium

Answer 10

surrounds entire muscle

Question 11

what is perimysium

Answer 11

surrounds fascicle (fasciclus)

Question 12

what is endomysium

Answer 12

surrounds individual muscle fibers/cells

Question 13

what is a motor unit

Answer 13

motor neuron+ muscle fibers it innervates

Question 14

what is a sarcolemma

Answer 14

cell membrane

Question 15

what is a sarcoplasm

Answer 15

cytoplasm

Question 16

what is the function of a sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Ca storage

Question 17

___ are thick filaments

Answer 17

myosin

Question 18

___ are thin filaments

Answer 18

actin

Question 19

function of Z lines

Answer 19

move closer together during contraction

Question 20

function of I bands and the H zone

Answer 20

shortens during contraction

Question 21

when does the muscle have the most cross bridges

Answer 21

at rest

Question 22

5 stages of the sliding-filament theory

Answer 22

1. resting
2. situation-contraction coupling
3. contraction
4. recharge
5. relaxation

Question 23

what happens during the resting phase

Answer 23

lower Ca-> decrease interaction between actin and myosin

Question 24

what happens during the excitation-contraction phase

Answer 24

action potential-> Ca release from SR; Ca binds to troponin; tropomyosin shifts position and reveals binding sites

Question 25

what happens during the contraction phase

Answer 25

power stroke-> ATP needed

Question 26

what happens during the recharge phase

Answer 26

stronger contraction as long as Ca and ATP are present

Question 27

what happens during the relaxation phase

Answer 27

ends when motor neuron stops firing

Question 28

what is the direct relationship with a cross sectional area of muscle

Answer 28

force production

Question 29

details of a type 1 muscle fiber

Answer 29

``` slow twitch aerobic high mitochondrial density red high endurance ```

Question 30

details of a type 2a muscle fiber

Answer 30

fast twitch low myoglobin fast contraction

Question 31

details of a type 2b muscle fiber

Answer 31

anaerobic low mitochondrial density white low endurance

Question 32

function of muscle spindles

Answer 32

length/stretch

Question 33

function of Golgi tendon organs

Answer 33

muscle tension