Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (28)
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1
Neuroscience
Study of the nervous systeme
2
Human behavior
Product of brain activity
3
Exons
coding DNA sequences
4
Promoters/introns
Regulatory sequences
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Reticular theory
A continuous directly interconnected nerve cell network or reticulum.- Camillo Golgi
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Neuron doctrine
Nerve cells communicate with each-other by means of (synapses) )specialized contacts that are not sites of continuity between cells.- Cajal and Sherrington
7
Neurons
-Specialized for electrical signaling over long distances
-process information
-Sense environmental changes
-communicate changes to other neurons
-command body response
-intercellular communication via synapses
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Glia
-Support the signaling functions of neurons
-insulate and nourish neurons
-Essential for repairing nervous system damage
-do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signaling
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Postsynaptric
Receive signals from the presynaptic axon terminals
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Resting membrane potential
-60mV sometimes -70mV depending on cell
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Inside cell
more negative
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Action potential
+60 mV or positive in general. lets sodium in. all or nothing event
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hypolarization
more negative than before
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sensory systems
Represent information about the state of the organism and its environment
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Motor systems
Organize and generate actions
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Associational systems
link sensory and motor sides of the nervous system
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"higher-order" functions
perception, attention, cognition, emotions, rational thinking, other complex brain functions.
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Proteins in neurons
Actin, tubulin, and myosin
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Dedrites
primary targets for synaptic input from other neurons and are distinguished by high content of ribosomes as well as specific cytoskeletal proteins
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short neurons
Local circuit neurons, interneurons
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Action Potential
Self-regenerating wave of electrical activity that propagate from its point of initiation at the cell body.
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Axon hillock
Point of initiation of action potential
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Voltage-gated Cl- channels
similar to hyperpolarization when potassium leaves the cell. However they act as the modulators for the electrical signaling before action potential
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Myelin
Has effects on speed of electrical signals
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Neuropil
region between nerve cell bodies where most synaptic connectivity occurs
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Afferent neurons
Nerve cells that carry information toward the brain or spinal cord
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Efferent neurons
Nerve cells that carry information away from them brain or spinal cord
28