Chapter 1

Question 1

What is a organized collection of logically related data?

Answer 1

Database

Question 2

What are stored representations of meaningful objects and events?

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

What are the two types of data?

Answer 3

• Structured (numbers, text, dates)
• Unstructured (images, video, documents)

Question 4

What is data processed to increase knowledged in the person using the data?

Answer 4

Information

Question 5

What is data that describes the properties and context of user data?

Answer 5

Metadata

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of file processing?

Answer 6

• Program-data dependence
• Duplication of data
• Limited data sharing
• Lengthy development times
• Excessive program maintenance

Question 7

Why is the database approach the solution to the disadvantages of file processing?

Answer 7

• Central repository of shared data
• Data is managed by a controlling agent
• Stored in a standardized, convenient form

Question 8

What are graphical diagrams capturing nature and relationship of data?

Answer 8

Data models

Question 9

What are the two types of data models?

Answer 9

Enterprise Data Model - high-level entities and relationships

Project Data Model - more detailed view, matching data structure in database or data warehous

Question 10

What is composed of attributes and is in noun form describing a person, place, object, event or concept?

Answer 10

Entities

Question 11

What is the bond between entities that can be one-to many (1:M), many-to-many(M:N) or one-to-one (1:1)?

Answer 11

Relationships

Question 12

What is database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships?

Answer 12

Relational databases

Question 13

What are some costs and risks of the database approach?

Answer 13

• New, specialized personnel
• Installation and management cost and complexity
• Conversion costs
• Need for explicit backup and recovery
• Organizational conflict

Question 14

What are automated tools used to design databases and application programs?

Answer 14

Data modeling and design tools

Question 15

What is a centralized storehouse of metadata?

Answer 15

Repository

Question 16

What is software for managing the database?

Answer 16

Database Management System (DBMS)

Question 17

What is the storehouse of the data?

Answer 17

Database

Question 18

What are software using the data?

Answer 18

Application programs

Question 19

What is the text, graphical displays, menus, etc for the user?

Answer 19

User Interface

Question 20

What are the personnel responsible for maintaining the database?

Answer 20

Data/Database Administrators

Question 21

What are the personnel responsible for designing databases and software?

Answer 21

System developers

Question 22

Who are the people who use the applications and databases?

Answer 22

End users

Question 23

What is the Enterprise data model and what does is do?

Answer 23

• First step in the database develoment process
• Specifies scope and general content
• Entity-relationship diagram
• Descriptions of entity types
• Relationships between entities
• Business rules

Question 24

What are the two approaches to database and it’s development?

Answer 24

• System development life cycle (SDLC)
• Prototyping

Question 25

What is a detailed, well-planned development process, that is time-consuming, but comprehensive and has a long development cycle?

Answer 25

SDLC

Question 26

What uses Rapid application development (RAD), is a cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling, defines database during development of initial prototype, and repeats implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions?

Answer 26

Prototyping

Question 27

What are the steps in the SDLC?

Answer 27

- Planning - Analysis - Logical Design - Physical Design - Implementation - Maintenance

Question 28

What is the prototyping database methodology?

Answer 28

- Identify the problem - Develop initial prototype - Implement and use prototype - Then either convert to operational system or Revise and enchance prototype

Question 29

What emphasizes "individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaberation over contract negotiation, and response to change over following a plan"?

Answer 29

Agile

Question 30

What are the three database schema?

Answer 30

- External Schema - Conceptual Schema - Internal Schema

Question 31

What comprises External Schema?

Answer 31

- User views - Subsets of Conceptual Schema - Can be determined from business-function/data entity matrices - DBA determines schema for different users

Question 32

What comprises Conceptual schema?

Answer 32

E-R models

Question 33

What comprises Internal schema?

Answer 33

- Logical Structures - Physical Structures

Question 34

What is a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end?

Answer 34

Project

Question 35

What are the four main objectives that drive the evolution of database systems?

Answer 35

- Need for program-data independence -\> reduced maintenance - Desire to manage more complex data types and structures - Ease of data access for less technical personnel - Need for more powerful decision support platforms

Question 36

What is designed to integrate all enterprise functions (manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, inventory, accounting, human resources)?

Answer 36

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Question 37

What is an integrated decision support system derived from various operational databases?

Answer 37

Data Warehouse