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Human Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Accessibilty

A

A variable quality of location, expressing the opportunity for interaction with other locations

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2
Q

Cartogram

A

A thematic map there the size and shape of spatial areas are intentionally distorted and replaced by the relative magnitude of the geographic phenomena (eg a countries wealth as measured by gross domestic product)

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3
Q

Cartography

A

The art and science of making maps

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4
Q

Choropleth Map

A

A thematic map using colour or shading to indicate the intensity of geographic phenomena (eg. population density) is a given area.

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5
Q

Clustered (agglomerated)

A

One of two common forms of concentration; occurs when the distance between geographic phenomenon is small; clustering occurs when geographic phenomena move closer together sometimes around a nucleus

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6
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of geographic phenomena over a given area

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7
Q

Connectivity

A

The direct and indirect linkages between two or more locations

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8
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread rapidly and throughout an area

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9
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The process of cultural phenomena spreading over space and through time

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10
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The characteristic or overall appearance of a particular area or location, resulting from human modification of the natural environment

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11
Q

Density

A

A measure of the relationship between the number of geographic phenomena and unit of area; typically expressed as a ratio

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12
Q

Dispersed (Deglomerated)

A

One of the two common forms of concentration; occurs when the distance between geographical phenomena is large; dispersion occurs when points move apart from one another

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13
Q

Distance Decay

A

The effects of distance on spatial interaction; generally, the intensity of interaction declines with increasing distance

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14
Q

Distribution

A

The spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena within an area; includes density, concentration and pattern

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15
Q

Dot Map

A

A thematic map where dots of scale-adjusted symbols represent geographic phenomena

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16
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

One of two basic forms of diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread from one area to another through an additive process

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17
Q

Fieldwork

A

A means of collecting data and insight into geographic issues; involves the collection of information outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting one of the key traditions of geographic inquiry

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18
Q

Formal (or uniform) Region

A

An area (region) that possesses a certain degree of uniformity with respect to one or more physical or cultural traits

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19
Q

Friction of Distance

A

A measure of the restraining effect of distance on human interaction and movement; generally, grater time and cost are incurred with increasing distance

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20
Q

Funcational (or nodal) Region

A

An area (region) organized around a node or focal point, and unified by specific economic, political, or social activity.

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21
Q

Geograpic Information System (GIS)

A

A system of computer hardware and software that facilitated the collection, storage, analysis, and display of spatially referenced data through layered maps.

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22
Q

Geographic Scale

A

The territorial extent of level analysis, such as local, regional, and global.

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23
Q

Geographical (spatial) Perspective

A

The approach that geographers utilizing their study of the human and physical environments of the earth; a view of observing variations in geographic phenomena on the earth’s surface

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24
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of geographic phenomena

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25
Hearth
The area where a particular cultural trait originates
26
Heirarchical Diffusion
One of two forms of expansion diffusion in which geographic phenomena spread first to key people of the place and the gradually throughout the rest of a population of an area
27
Human Geography
One of two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth's human or social environments including population change, economic, cultures, politics, settlements, and human interactions with the natural environment
28
Isopleth Map
A thematic map using line to connect the location of equal value with respect to a geographic phenomenon
29
Landscape
The characteristics, or overall appearance. of a particular area or location, comprising a combination of natural and human influences
30
Latitiude
The angular distance of a point on the surface of the earth, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, north and south of the equator; lines of constant latitude are called parallels
31
Location
A particular position in space; a specific part of the earth's surface; used in absolute, relative and nominal forms.
32
Longitutde
The angular distance of a point on the surface measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, east and west of the prime meridian, which runs through Greewich, UK; lines of constant longitude are called meridians.
33
Map Scale
The relationship between the size of a geographic feature on a map and the corresponding actual size of the feature on the earth's surface.
34
Map
Typically, a flat representation of the earth's surface or a portion of it, and its geographical features including people, places and geographical phenomena
35
Mental (percpetual) Map
An image of spatial representation (map of the way space is organized, as influenced by an individual's knowledge or lived experience in that space
36
Pattern
The geometric, regular, or other spatial arrangements of geographical phenomena in a given area.
37
Perception
The process by which humans acquire information about the physical and social enviornment; a way of interpreting one's lived experience
38
Physical Geography
One of the two branches of geography; the study of patterns and processes of the earth's natural or physical environment, including climate, topography, geology, soils, and ecosystems.
39
Place
A location that has acquired a particular meaning or significance.
40
Placelessness
The nature of locations that lack uniqueness or individual character, used in homogeneous and standardized landscapes
41
Projection
A process to transform the spherical earth's surface into a two-dimensional map; a process to transform locations from the earth's surface into a flat map
42
Reference Map
A map portraying the absolute locations of places and geographic phenomena using a standard frame of reference, such as the global grid (longitude and latitude).
43
Region
A part of the earth's surface that displays internal homogeneity and is relatively distinct from surrounding areas according to certain criteria; a contiguous spatial unit
44
Regionalization
The process of classifying locations or areas of earth's surface into various regions
45
Relocation Diffusion
One of two basic forms of diffusion, in which the geographic phenomena are physically moving from one area to another, such as through immigration or trade
46
Remote Sensing
A series of techniques used for collectin spatial data though instruments (sensors and cameras in satellites, airplanes and drones) That are physically distant from the object of study
47
Sacred Place
a location with particular significance to an individual or group, usually (but not necessarily) for religious reasons.
48
Site
The physical attributes or characteristics of a location, including its topography, climate, water, resources, vegetation, and so on.
49
Situation
The geographic context of a location, relative to other locations, including its economic, political, and social characteristics.
50
Space
The area extent of something; used in both absolute (objective) and relative (perceptual) forms.
51
Spatial Interaction
The nature and extent of spatial interaction are related to the distance between locations and the physical and intangible connections between them.
52
Spatial
Refers to space in the earth's surface; synonymous with geographic
53
Thematic Map
An analytical tool to illustrate and emphasize the spatial variation of a particular theme or attribute
54
Time Zone
A region of the earth that observes a uniform standard of time
55
Toponym
The common name given to a location; a place name
56
Vernacular (or perceptual) Region
An area (region) identified on the basis of the perceptions held by people inside or outside the region, or both
57
Charles Gritzner
American Geographer who coined the phrase "WHere is where, why there, and why care?"
58
Human Geography is a distinct social science because?
It uses tools like maps and geomatic technologies that other social sciences do not
59
The forst Law of Geography
"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."
60
Five Core Concepts of Geography
Space, location, place, region, and distance.
61
Core concepts related to interaction
Distribution, diffusion, distance decay, accessibility, and connection

Human Geography (3 decks)

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