Chapter 1 Flashcards
(177 cards)
1
Q
Word Origins:
Pelvis
A
Latin Pelvis
2
Q
Word Origins:
Sinus
A
Latin Sinus
3
Q
Word Origins:
Thorax
A
Greek Thorax
4
Q
Word Origins:
Artery
A
Latin:
Arteria
5
Q
Word Origins:
Muscle
A
Latin
Musculus
6
Q
Word Origin:
patient
A
Latin:
Patiens
7
Q
Word Origin:
Sperm
A
Greek:
Sperma
8
Q
Word Origin:
Urine
A
Latin Urina
9
Q
Word Origin:
Vein
A
Latin vena
10
Q
Word Origin:
Bladder
A
Old English Blaedre
11
Q
Word Origin:
Drug
A
Old Dutch droog
12
Q
Word Origin:
Heart
A
Old English
heorte
13
Q
Word Origin:
Physician
A
Old French
Physicien
14
Q
Greek and Latin:
Intestine
A
Greek: enter/o-
Latin: intestin/o-
15
Q
Greek and Latin:
Nerve
A
Greek: Neur/o-
Latin nerv/o-
16
Q
Greek and Latin:
Skin
A
Greek: dermat/o-
Latin: integument/o-
17
Q
Plural for Greek singular noun ends in:
-is
A
Form plural by changing -is to:
-ides
18
Q
Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:
-nx
A
Form the plural by changing -nx to:
-nges
19
Q
Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:
-oma
A
Form the plural by changing -oma:
-omata
20
Q
Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:
-on
A
Form the plural by changing -on to:
-a
21
Q
Plural for Latin singular noun ends in:
-a
A
Form the plural by changing -a to:
-ae
22
Q
Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:
-us
A
Form the plural by changing -us to:
-i
23
Q
Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:
-um
A
Form the plural by changing -um to:
-a
24
Q
Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:
-is
A
Form the plural by changing -is to:
-es
25
Plural for Latin singular noun ends in:
| -ex
Form the plural by changing -es to:
| -ices
26
Prefix
An optional word beginning
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Combining Form
The foundation of a medical word
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Suffix
A word ending
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What characteristic does a combining form have?
- Foundation of a Medical word
- Main medical meaning
- Has a root, a forward slash, a combining vowel, and a hyphen (combining vowels: usually an O, but occasionally it is an a, e, i, or y.
- Some combining forms will have two forms: i.e. Gastrointestinal (gastr/o- and intestin/o-)
- Two combining forms can have the same medical meaning because each is from a different language.
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Abdomen
Abdomin/o-
| Lapar/o-
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Artery
Arteri/o-
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Intestine
Intestin/o-
| Enter/o-
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Muscle
Muscul/o-
34
Thyroid gland
Thyroid/o-
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Tonsil
Tonsill/o-
36
Vein
Ven/o-
37
Joint
arthr/o
38
Heart
Cardi/o-
39
Skin
Dermat/o-
40
Stomach
Gastr/o-
41
Breast
Mamm/o-
42
Nose
Nas/o-
43
Rib
Cost/o-
44
Blue
Cyan/o-
45
Liver
Hepat/o-
46
White
Leuk/o-
47
Suffixes for an Adjective
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ine, -ive, -ous
48
-ac
Pertaining to
Ex. Cardiac (Pertaining to the Heart)
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-al
Pertaining to
Ex. Intestinal (Pertaining to the Intestines)
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-ar
Pertaining to
Ex. Muscular (Pertaining to a muscle)
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-ary
Pertaining to
Ex. Urinary (Pertaining to the Urine)
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-ic
Pertaining to
Ex. Pelvic (Pertaining to the pelvis)
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-ine
Pertaining to
Ex. Uterine (Pertaining to the Uterus)
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-ive
Pertaining to
Ex. Digestive (Pertaining to break down food)
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-ous
Pertaining to
Ex. Venous (Pertaining to a Vein)
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-ation
Being; having; process
Ex. Urination (Process (of making) urine)
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-ion
Action; condition
Ex. Digestion (action (to) break down food)
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Suffixes for a Process:
- ation
| - ion
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Suffixes for a disease
-ia, -ism, -itis, -megaly, -oma, -osis, -paths
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-ia
Condition; state; thing
Ex. Pneumonia (condition (of the) lung)
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-ism
Disease from a specific cause; process
Ex. Hypothyroidism (disease from a specific cause (of) deficient thyroid gland (hormone))
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-itis
Infection of; inflammation of
Ex. Tonsillitis (Infection of (the) tonsil)
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-megaly
Enlargement
Ex. Cardiomegaly (enlargement (of the) heart)
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-oma
Mass; Tumor
Ex. Neuroma (tumor (on a) nerve)
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-osis
Abnormal condition; process
Ex. Vaginosis (abnormal condition (of the) vagina)
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-pathy
Disease
Ex. Arthropathy (disease (of the) Joint)
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-ectomy
Surgical Removal
Ex. Tonsillectomy (surgical removal (of the) Tonsils
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-gram
Picture; Record
Ex. Mammogram (picture (of the) breast)
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-graphy
Process of recording
Ex. Arteriography (process of recording (an) artery)
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-metry
Process of measuring
Ex. Densitometry (process of measuring (the) density (of bone))
71
-scope
Instrument used to examine
Ex. Colonoscope (instrument used to examine (the) colon)
72
-scopy
Process of using an instrument to examine
Ex. Gastroscopy (process of using an instrument to examine (the) stomach)
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-tomy
Process of making an incision
Ex. Laparotomy (Process of making an incision (in the) abdomen)
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Suffix for medical speciality or specialists
-iatry, -ics, -ist, -logy
75
-iatry
Medical treatment
Ex. Psychiatry (Medical treatment (for the) mind)
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-ics
Knowledge; practice
Ex. Obstetrics (knowledge and practice (of) pregnancy and children)
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-ist
Person who specializes in; thing that specializes in
Ex. Therapist ( person who specializes in treatment)
78
-logy
Study of
Ex. Cardiology (study of (the) heart)
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Prefixes for Location or Direction
Epi-, inter-, intra-, peri-, post-, pre-, sub-, trans-
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Epi-
Above; upon
Ex. Epidermal (pertaining to upon (the) skin)
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Inter-
Between
Ex. Intercostal (pertaining to between (the) ribs)
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Intra-
Within
Ex. Intravenous (pertaining to within (a) vein)
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Peri-
Around
Ex. Pericardial (pertaining to around (the) heart)
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Post-
After; behind
Ex. Postnasal (pertaining to behind (the) nose)
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Pre-
Before; in front of
Ex. Prenatal (Pertaining to before (a) birth)
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Sub-
Below; underneath; less than
Ex. Subcutaneous (pertaining to underneath (the) skin)
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Trans-
Across; through
Ex. Transvaginal (pertaining to through (the) vagina)
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Prefixes for amount, number, or speed
Bi-, Brady-, hemi-, hyper-, hypo-, poly-, quadri-, tachy-, Tri-
89
Bi-
Two
Ex. Bilateral (pertaining to two sides)
90
Brady-
Slow
Ex. Bradycardia (condition (of a) slow heart)
91
Hemi-
One half
Ex. Hemiplegia (condition (of) on half (of the body with a) paralysis)
92
Hyper-
Above; more than normal
Ex. Hypertension (condition (of) more than normal pressure)
93
Hypo-
Below; Deficient
Ex. Hypothyroidism (disease from a specific cause (of) deficient thyroid gland (hormone))
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Poly-
Many; much
Ex. Polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves)
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Quadri-
Four
Ex. Quadriplegia (condition (of) four (limbs with) paralysis
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Tachy-
Fast
Ex. Tachycardia (condition (of a) fast heart)
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Tri-
Three
Ex. Trigeminal (pertaining to three (nerve branches in a) group)
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An-
Not; without
Ex. Anesthesia (condition (of being) without sensation)
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Anti-
Against
Ex. Antibiotic (pertaining to (a drug that is) against living organisms)
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Dys-
Abnormal; difficult; painful
Ex. Dysphagia (condition (of) difficult (or) painful eating (and) Swallowing)
101
Re-
Again and again; backward; unable to
Ex. Respiration (process (of) again and again (to) breathe)
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Prefixes for Degree or Quality
An-, anti-, dys-, re-
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Anatomical Position
Laying down face up, palms face up and eyes forward
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Sagittal plane
Vertical plane that divides the body in the midline into right and left sides.
105
Coronal Plane
AKA: Frontal Plane
| Vertical plane that divides the body in the midline into front and back section.
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Moving towards the midline
Midline
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Moving away or from the midline toward either side of the body
Lateral
108
The front of the body
Anterior or ventral
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Moving toward the front of the body
Anterior or Anteriorly
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The back of the body is
Posterior or Dorsal
111
Moving from the midline toward the back
Posterior direction.
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Prone position
Laying face down is being in a prone position
113
Dorsal supine Position
Lying on the back is being in the dorsal supine position.
114
Transverse Plane
Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections.
115
The upper part of transverse plane
Superior
116
The lower part of transverse plane
Inferior
117
Moving from midline toward the head is moving:
Superior or Superiorly
| Also called the cephalad direction
118
Moving from the midline toward the tailbone is moving:
Inferior direction or Inferiorly
| Also called Caudad
119
Distal
Moving from the trunk of the body toward the end of the arm or leg.
120
Proximal
Moving from the end of an arm or leg toward its point of attachment of the trunk.
121
Hemat/o-
Blood
122
Cav/o-
Hollow space
123
Body cavity
Hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles that support and protect organs and structures within the cavity. There are five body cavities.
124
Abdominopelvic cavity
Body cavity formed by the combined abdominal and pelvic cavities.
125
Pelv/o-
Hip bone; pelvis; renal pelvis
126
Tom/o-
Cut; layer; slice
127
Body plane
An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two parts. There are three planes: The sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane.
128
Body quadrants
Four divisions on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area: Left upper quadrant (LUQ), right upper quadrant (RUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ).
129
Body Regions
```
Nine divisions on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area:
Hypochondriac regions (Left and Right), Epigastric region, Lumbar Region (Left and Right), umbilical region, inguinal regions (Left and Right), and the hypogastric region.
```
130
Body system
Several organs and related structures that function together.
131
Cardiovascular system
Body system that includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and related structures. It transports the blood throughout the body.
132
Dentistry
Medical specialty related to the teeth. The medical specialist is a dentist.
133
Dietetics
Medical specialty related to diet and nutrition. The health care specialists are dietitians and nutritionists.
134
Physiology
Study of the functions of the human body
135
Cranial cavity
Body cavity within the bony cranium of the head; it contains the brain, cranial nerves, and the related structures.
136
Disease
Any change in the normal structure or function of the body.
137
Endocrine system
Body system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. It secretes hormones and maintains body homeostasis.
138
Endocrinology
Medical specialty related to the endocrine system. The physician specialist is an endocrinologist.
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Epigastric region
Region on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area, superior to the umbilical region.
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Etiology
Cause or origin of a disease.
141
External
Body position on the outer, superficial surface of the body of an organ
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Gastroenterology
Medical specialty related to the gastrointestinal system. The physician specialist is a gastroenterologist.
143
Gastrointestinal system
Body system that includes the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and related structures. It digests food, absorbs nutrients and removes undirected wastes. It sends sensory information to the brain fro that sense of taste.
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Geriatrics
Medical specialty related to older adults. The physician specialist is a geriatrician or a gerontologist.
145
Gynecology
Medical specialty related to the female genitalia system. The physician specialist is a gynecologist.
146
Health
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
147
Acute
Symptoms and signs of diseases that are sudden in nature and severe in intensity
148
Asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of disease.
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Chronic
Symptoms and signs of disease that continue for 3 months or longer.
150
Congenital disease
Caused by an abnormality in fetal development or an abnormal process that occurs during gestation or birth
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Degenerative Disease
Caused by progressive destruction of cells due to disease or the aging process
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Disability
Permanent loss of the ability to perform certain activities or function in a given way.
153
Disease
ANy change in the normal structure or function of the body.
154
Environmental Disease
Caused by exposure to substances in the environment.
155
Etiology
The cause or origin of a disease.
156
Exacerbation
Sudden worsening in the severity of symptoms or signs.
157
Genetic disease
Caused by a mutation in a person’s genes or chromosomes during fetal development.
158
Hereditary disease
Caused by an inherited recessive defective gene, passed to a child from a parent who carries the defective gene but does not have the disease.
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Hospital-acquired infection
Caused by exposure to a disease-causing agent while in the hospital. Previously known as a nosocomial infection.
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Iatrogenic disease
Caused by medicine or treatment given to the patient.
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Idiopathic disease
Having no identifiable or confirmed cause
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Infectious disease
Caused by a pathogen. A communicable disease is an infectious disease that is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with an infected person, animal, or insect.
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Neoplasticism disease
Caused by the growth of a benign (not cancerous) or a malignant (cancerous) tumor or mass.
164
Nutritional disease
Caused by lack of nutritious food, too little good, or an inability to utilize the food that is eaten.
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Pathogen
Disease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, etc.
166
Prognosis
Predicted course and outcome of a disease
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Recuperation
Process of recovery and return to a normal state of health.
168
Refractory
Pertaining to a disease that does not respond well to treatment.
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Remission
Temporary improvement in the symptoms or signs of a disease without the underlying disease being cured
170
Sequela
complication that is caused by the original disease and remains after the original disease has resolved.
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Sign
Symptom that can be seen or detected by others
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Surgery
Operative procedure to treat a disease that cannot be treated with drugs or therapy.
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Symptom
Any deviation from health that is experienced and felt by the patient
174
Symptomatology
Clinical picture of all the patient’s symptoms and signs
175
Syndrome
Set of symptoms and signs associated with and characteristic of a specific disease.
176
Subacute
Symptoms and signs that are less severe in intensity than acute symptoms
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Terminal illness
Disease from which there is no hope o recovery and one that will eventually result in the patient’s death.
