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Chapter 5: Bacteriology, Sanitation & Sterilization > Chapter 1 A & P Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 A & P Key Terms Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Integumentary system

A

The skin and it’s accessory organs, such as the sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails

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2
Q

Pilosebaceous unit

A

The entire hair appendage, including the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle

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3
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

The lower level of the epidermis where cell division occurs (mitosis)

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

The tissue that forms a thin protective layer on bodily surfaces

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5
Q

Connective tissue

A

Fibrous tissue that binds protects cushions and supports the various parts of the body

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

The thin, outermost layer of the skin

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7
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Layers of tissue that lack blood vessels; acts as a surface barrier

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8
Q

Keratin

A

A protein found in the skin that helps guard against invasion

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9
Q

Keratinization

A

The change of living cells to dead ones

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10
Q

Horny zone

A

The outermost portion of the epidermis

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11
Q

Germinal zone

A

The layer of skin where cells divide

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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer of dead skin cells

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13
Q

Sebum

A

Fatty or oil section of the sebaceous gland that lubricates the hair and skin

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14
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear; transparent layer of the epidermis; found under the stratum corneum

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15
Q

Eleidin

A

Clear, lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute keratohyalin granules in the protoplasm of living cells

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16
Q

Keratohyalin granules

A

Granules found in living cells that contribute to the keratin content of dead, cornified cells

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17
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

The granular layer of skin found at the bottom of the horny zone

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18
Q

Basal zone

A

Live layer of dividing cells that continuously change and pushed upward

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19
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

The superior layer of the stratum germinativum; named for its shape and spiny, thorn like protrusions; also known as the prickle cell layer

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20
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single cell layer that is the deepest layer of the epidermis

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21
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

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22
Q

Desquamation

A

The act of exfoliating dead skin cells

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23
Q

Melanocytes

A

Melanin forming cells

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24
Q

Amino acid

A

Units of structure in protein that help breakdown simple sugars and fats

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25
Tyrosine
An amino acid present in melanocytes
26
Melanin
Grains of pigment that give hair and skin its color
27
Stratum Mucosum
Single cell layer of the epidermis; found above the stratum germinativum
28
Malpighian
A single layer made of the stratum mucosum and the stratum germinativum
29
Dermis
Underlying or inner layer of the skin
30
Papillary layer
The most superficial layer of the dermis
31
Reticular layer
A deep layer of the dermis; composed of dense bundles of collagen fibers; contains vessels, glance, nerve, endings, and follicles
32
Dermal papilla
Small cone shaped indentation at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb; also called the hair papilla
33
Collegenous
Fiber made of proteins that gives skin its form and strength
34
Papillae
Cone shaped, finger like projections that protrude into the epidermidis
35
Meissner’s corpuscles
Nerve endings in the skin that are sensitive to touch
36
Subcutaneous tissue
The fatty layer beneath the dermis that gives the body smoothness and contour; contains fat as an energy source and acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin; also cold, adipose or subcutis tissue
37
Lymph
Colorless, watery fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system; similar in composition to blood plasma
38
Apocrine
Glands in the axillae and groin that secrete sweat and substances that produce body odor when contaminated with bacteria
39
Axillae
Underarms
40
Pheromones
Chemicals produced by humans and other animals, that one secreted influence other members of the same species
41
Eccrine
Glands throughout the skin that excrete mainly water and salt
42
Sebaceous glands
Oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles
43
Pacinian’s corpuscles
Nerve endings found deep in the skin that are receptive to pressure
44
Terminal hair
Hair found on the scalp, arms, legs, axillae, and pubic area post puberty
45
Arrector pili
An appendage that is attached to the dermal papilla and to the hair shaft
46
Adipose tissue
Connective tissue, in animal bodies that contains fat
47
Follicular canal
The depression in the skin the houses the entire pilosebaceous unit
48
External root sheath
The inner side of the follicular canal, which is made of horny epidermal tissue
49
Hair matrix
The germinating center of the hair follicle where mitotic activity occurs
50
Hair follicle bulb
The bulbous base of the hair follicle that houses the dermal papilla
51
Internal root sheath
The innermost layer of the hair follicle, closest to the hair
52
Cuticle
The outer most layer of hair consisting of one overlapping layer of transparent, scale like cells
53
Cortex
The middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin
54
Medulla
The innermost layer of hair; composed of round cells; often absent in fine hair
55
Lanugo
Soft downy hair present on fetuses, in utero, and infants at birth
56
Vellus
Fine short hair with no pigment found mainly on women’s faces; Peachfuzz
57
Anagen
The growth phase in the hair cycle in which a new hair is synthesized
58
Catagen
The transition stage of the hair growth cycle; the period between the growth and resting phases
59
Telogen
The resting phase of the hair follicle in its growth cycle
60
Club hair
Hair that has lost its root structure, and that when shed from the follicle exhibits a round shape
61
Excretion
The act of discharging waste matter from tissues or organs
62
Secretion
The process of producing and discharging substances from glands
63
Absorption
The uptake of one substance into another
64
Acid mantle
Bacteria, killing layer made of sweat and lipids
65
Langerhans’ Cells
Cells found in the epidermidis that warn against the invasion of micro organisms and respond to that invasion
66
Leucocytes
White blood cells or corpuscles
67
Subcutis
A layer of subcutaneous tissue
68
Lymphocytes
Cells produced in the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland that produces antibodies capable of attacking infection
69
Dilation
The process of widening or expanding
70
Constriction
The process of narrowing
71
Sudoriferous glands
The skins sweat glands
72
Cosmeceuticals
Products that form between the categories of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and the generally have a higher level of absorption and standard cosmetics

Chapter 5: Bacteriology, Sanitation & Sterilization (7 decks)

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