chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
biological anthropology
the study of human biological evolution and biocultural variation
the 6 big events of human evolution
- bipedalism
- nonhoning chewing
- speech
- material culture and tools
- domesticated foods
- hunting
scientific method
research method where the gathering of data is used to test hypotheses to be accepted or rejected
the biocultural approach
studies the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture
evolution
the process by which living things change over time through genetic variations and adaptations
what information is darwin’s theory of natural selection based on?
the finches beaks in the galapagos islands
mendelian inheritance
shows how traits are passed on systematically and predictably (dominant and recessive allele punnet square)
linnaeus
- classification system for all living organisms (kingdom, phylum, class, etc.)
- genus and species
lamarck
- proposed lamarckism: traits acquired or modified during an organism’s lifetime could be passed on to its offspring
- proved to be wrong
darwin
- theory of evolution
- “all life on earth is related through common ancestry”
- mechanism for evolutionary change is natural selection
- galapagos islands and beaks of finches
wallace
came to the same conclusions regarding mechanisms of evolution as darwin (darwin was just faster at publishing)
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism; a pairing of alleles
phenotype
physical appearance of a genotype
chromosomes
strand of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotes
evolutionary synthesis
unified theory that combines ideas of genetics (mendel’s theory of heredity) and natural selection (darwin’s theory of evolution)
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical that makes up chromosomes
