Chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

Common knowledge

Answer 1

knowledge accepted by a majority of people but could be rejected by a minority (possibly false)

Question 2

Example of common knowledge

Answer 2

The moon orbits the earth

Question 3

Non-example of common knowledge

Answer 3

The sun will not rise tomorrow morning

Question 4

Kinds of knowledge

Answer 4

experiential knowledge, knowing how, knowing that

Question 5

Experiential knowledge

Answer 5

living (experience and reflect), sensation, emotion

I know that it hurts when you touch a hot stove

Question 6

Knowing how

Answer 6

procedural knowledge

I know how to play guitar

Question 7

Knowing that

Answer 7

knowledge claims

I know the theory of music

Question 8

Rationalism

Answer 8

school of thought; reason has precedence over all other ways of acquiring knowldege; or that reason is a unique way to knowledge

Question 9

Empiricism

Answer 9

school of thought; senses are primary with respect to knowledge; belief that empirical prcess begins at birth and continues through life

Question 10

Knowledge claim

Answer 10

What we say we know. We have accpeted it, it is expressed in a language, statement, presented as true, includes opinions; includes opinions

Question 11

Statements of personal observation

Answer 11

knowledge claim, what we know through senses

Question 12

Statement of values

Answer 12

knowledge claim, Value judgement

Question 13

statement by observation

Answer 13

knowledge claim, scientific or made by many people

Question 14

predictions

Answer 14

knowledge claim

Question 15

hypothetical claim

Answer 15

knowledge claim

Question 16

Metaphysical

Answer 16

knowledge claim (beyond this world)

Question 17

definition

Answer 17

knowledge claim

Question 18

Knowledge by questions

Answer 18

questions about knowledge itself and the methods by which we create it (open questions and general)

Question 19

Certainty

Answer 19

what distinguishes knowledge from belief; knowing something without a doubt, true at all times

Question 20

Confirmation Bias

Answer 20

noticing only evidence that supports your belief

Question 21

Gullibility

Answer 21

believing too readily without questions, can lead to false knowledge

Question 22

relativism

Answer 22

school of thought; there is no such thing as absolute truth; truth is different for individuals (contradicts itself)

Question 23

skepticism

Answer 23

ability to question knowledge; question too much; can lead to close-mindedness

Question 24

Ways of knowledge

Answer 24

how we find certainty

Question 25

language

Answer 25

way of knowlegde; learn from others

Question 26

perception

Answer 26

way of knowledge; learn from experience

Question 27

reason

Answer 27

way of knowledge

Question 28

Emotion

Answer 28

way of knowledge; learn from feelings

Question 29

Imaginal

Answer 29

way of knowledge

Question 30

Intuition

Answer 30

way of knowledge

Question 31

memory

Answer 31

way of knowledge

Question 32

faith

Answer 32

way of knowledge

Question 33

8 Areas of knoweldge

Answer 33

math, natural sciences, human sciences, arts, ethics, history, indigenous, religious systems

Question 34

Indoctrination

Answer 34

the way something is taught, but not what is taught; information that is given through a process of teaching in which you discourage questioning and critical thinking

Question 35

Example of indoctrination

Answer 35

public school in a totalitarian society

Question 36

knowledge by authority

Answer 36

knowledge acquired from other people that you believe to be true

Question 37

example of knowledge by authority

Answer 37

believing the information taught by teachers

Question 38

personal knowledge

Answer 38

something you personally know and is not publically known (intimate knowledge)

Question 39

example of personal knowledge

Answer 39

I don't know how to whistle

Question 40

Shared knowledge

Answer 40

some knowledge that is known as part of a group

Question 41

example of shared knowledge

Answer 41

The entire marching band knows where to march on the field

Question 42

second-hand knowledge

Answer 42

knowledge acquired form other pople

Question 43

example of second-hand knowlegde

Answer 43

I know AP Euro becasue Mr. Mikulec taught me

Question 44

Authority Worship

Answer 44

accept what one is told without thinking about it

Question 45

example of authority worship

Answer 45

I believe that history happened because that's what I have been told

Question 46

Correspondence test

Answer 46

observational truths (evidence); limitation is scope (not very reliable), not all knowledge can be observationally checked, also limited by quality and quantity

Question 47

Coherence truth test

Answer 47

constitent with what is already known; limitation is drawing on own beliefs (confirmation bias)

Question 48

Pragmatic Truth test

Answer 48

does it work?; practical consequences; limitation is "what works"