Chapter 1 - Applied Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1 - Applied Anatomy And Physiology Deck (42)
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1
Q

What is the skeleton?

A
  • provides a framework for movement

- made up of bones and different joints

2
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

When the muscular system and the skeletal system work together to allow movement at joints

3
Q

Flat bones

A
  • Often quite large
  • protect vital organs
  • pelvis
  • cranium
  • scapula
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • clavicle (collar bone)
  • jaw bone
  • talus
4
Q

Long bones

A
  • enable large movements
  • femur (thigh bone)
  • tibia (shin bone) & fibula
  • metatarsals & phalanges (toes)
  • radius & ulna
  • humerus
  • metacarpals & phalanges (fingers)
5
Q

Short bones

A
  • enable finer controlled movements
  • tarsals
  • carpals
6
Q

Irregular bones

A
  • shaped to protect
  • vertebrae (protect spinal cord)
  • patella
7
Q

Articulating bones

A

Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement

8
Q

Articulating bones at the shoulder

A

Scapula, clavicle, humerus

9
Q

Articulating bones at the elbow

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

10
Q

Articulating bones at the hips

A

Pelvis, femur

11
Q

Articulating bones at the knee

A

Femur, patella, fibula, tibia

12
Q

Articulating bones at the ankle

A

Tibia, fibula, talus

13
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Shape and structure
  5. Blood cell production
  6. Storage of minerals
14
Q

Support of the skeleton

A
  • Support for muscles and vital organs

- without support the body would be a mass of soft tissue and unable to move

15
Q

Protection of vital organs

A

-reduces chance of injury during physical activity

16
Q

Movement

A
  • The ability to move is central to all physical activities

- occurs when muscles contract and pull on bones

17
Q

Shape & structure

A

-maintains basic form of our body and provides something for muscles to attach onto

18
Q

Blood cell production

A
  • takes place in bone marrow
  • red blood cells carry oxygen to working muscles in aerobic activities
  • white blood cells fight off infections
19
Q

Storage of minerals

A
  • essential for major body functions

- general health of an athlete

20
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • An area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet.
  • Found at the shoulder, knee, hip, elbow and ankle
21
Q

Tendon

A

Join muscle to bone

Non elastic cords

22
Q

Ligament

A

Join bone to bone

Elastic fibre that keep joints stable by restricting movement

23
Q

Joint capsule

A

Tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and encloses, supports and holds bones together

24
Q

Synovial membrane

A

The lining inside the joint capsule that releases synovial fluid

25
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A clue and slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and stops bones rubbing together

26
Q

Cartilage

A

A tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between the bones, preventing bones rubbing together and causing friction

27
Q

Bursae

A

A sac filled with liquid, floating inside the joint, to reduce friction between tendon and bone

28
Q

Types of synovial joints (freely moveable joints)

A
  1. Hinge

2. Ball and socket

29
Q

Ball and socket joints

A
  • move away from the body and back towards it, can also rotate
  • most moveable joint in the body
  • hip
  • shoulder
30
Q

Hinge joint

A
  • only move in one direction towards and away from each other
  • elbow
  • knee
  • ankle
31
Q

Spirometer trace

A

Measures air capacity of human lungs

32
Q

Tidal volume

A

Normal amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled per breath.
Increases with exercise

33
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume.

Decreases during exercise

34
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be forced in after tidal volume.

Decreases during exercise

35
Q

Residual volume

A

Amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.
No change during exercise

36
Q

Vital capacity

A

The largest amount of air that can be forcibly expired after deepest inspiration.

37
Q

Ice bath

A

Help prevent Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Help body flush lactic acid away from working muscles
Coldness causes muscles to constrict forcing lactic acid out
When you get out blood vessels dilate allowing oxygenated blood back in

38
Q

Cool down

A

Light exercise and gentle stretches
Gradually reduce intensity keeps heart rate up to ensure a quick blow flow
Helps turn lactic acid into glucose, CO2 and water

39
Q

Manipulation of diet

A

Drink water to rehydrate & replace lost fluids
Carbohydrates loading boost performance & maximise amount of glucose in body
Eat protein after training to build and repair muscle quicker for strength

40
Q

Cardio- respiratory system

A

The respiratory and cardiovascular system working together. Enables the body to breathe and pump blood

41
Q

Respiratory system

A

Brings in oxygen to produce energy and enable activity and then gets rid of water products like carbon dioxide

42
Q

Order of the respiratory system

A

Nose & mouth - trachea - lungs - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli (gaseous exchange)