Chapter 2 - Movement Anaylsis

Question 1

Lever

Answer 1

A rigid bar that turns about an axis to create movement.

Question 2

What do all levers contain

Answer 2

Fulcrum, load, effort

Question 3

Fulcrum

Answer 3

The fixed point at which a lever turns or is supported. It can also be referred to as the axis

Question 4

Load

Answer 4

The weight or resistance that the lever must move

Question 5

Effort

Answer 5

The force required to move the load. It can be referred to as the force.

Question 6

Load arm

Answer 6

The distance from the load to the fulcrum

Question 7

Effort arm

Answer 7

The distance from the effort to the fulcrum

Question 8

Mechanical advantage

Answer 8

• Measures efficiency of a lever

- high advantage = longer effort arm, move large loads with low effort

Question 9

How is the mechanical advantage calculated

Answer 9

Effort arm/load arm

Question 10

FLE

Answer 10

123

Question 11

First class levers

Answer 11

• Fulcrum in the middle

- quite close to both effort and the load

Question 12

Second class lever

Answer 12

• load in the middle

- large load moved with low effort

Question 13

Third class lever

Answer 13

• effort in the middle
• large range of movement with low effort
• Low mechanical advantage
• longer load arm

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

Angle of the bones at a joint decreases

Question 15

Where can flexion occur

Answer 15

Shoulder, hip, elbow, knee

Question 16

Extension

Answer 16

When the angle of the bones at a joint increase

Question 17

Where does extension take place

Answer 17

Shoulder, elbow, knee, hip

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 19

Where does abduction take place

Answer 19

Shoulders and hip

Question 20

Adduction

Answer 20

When the limb towards the midline of the body.

Question 21

Where can adduction take place

Answer 21

Hips and shoulder

Question 22

Dorsiflexion

Answer 22

Takes place at the ankle joint when the foot flexes upwards

Question 23

Plantar flexion

Answer 23

Takes places at the ankle joint when the foot flexes downwards

Question 24

Rotation

Answer 24

Circular motion where part of the body turns while the rest remains still.

Question 25

Where can rotation occur

Answer 25

Hips and shoulders

Question 26

Axis

Answer 26

An imaginary line through the body around which it rotates. Three types, Sagittal, transverse, longitudinal

Question 27

Plane

Answer 27

An imaginary line that splits the body in two and depicts the direction of movement. Three types, frontal, transverse, Sagittal

Question 28

Frontal plane

Answer 28

- Runs left to right - Divides body into front and back halves - Works with the sagittal axis

Question 29

Sagittal axis

Answer 29

- runs horizontally through the body from front to back through belly button - allows abduction and adduction - works with the frontal plane

Question 30

Transverse plane

Answer 30

- divides body in half horizontally | - works with the longitudinal axis

Question 31

Longitudinal axis

Answer 31

- runs vertically through the body, from head to toe - allows rotation in an upright position - works with transverse plane

Question 32

Sagittal plane

Answer 32

- runs forwards to backwards - divides body into left and right halves - works with the transverse axis

Question 33

Transverse axis

Answer 33

- runs horizontally through body - from left to right at hips - allowing flexion, extension - works with sagittal plane