Chapter 1- Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is a compound?

Answer 1

They are made up of different types of elements bonded together.

Question 2

What are all substances made of?

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

How many different types of atoms do elements contain?

Answer 3

One

Question 4

How many types of atoms do compounds contain?

Answer 4

One or more

Question 5

Describe an atom

Answer 5

It has a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by electrons

Question 6

Describe the periodic table

Answer 6

The periodic table lists all the chemical elements, with eight main groups containing elements with similar chemical properties

Question 7

What happens to atoms in chemical reactions? (Does anything happen at all? Do they get destroyed, created or does nothing happen at all?)

Answer 7

Nothing happens to atoms in chemical reactions, the mass of the reactants is the same as the mass of products

Question 8

How many of each atom are on either side of a chemical equation?

Answer 8

The sides are always equal - chemical equations are always balanced

Question 9

What does (s) (l) (g) and (aq) mean in chemical equations?

Answer 9

(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous

Question 10

Define a mixture

Answer 10

It is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together.

Question 11

What are the 3 ways of separating mixtures?

Answer 11

Filtration
Crystallisation
Distillation

Question 12

Describe fractional distillations

Answer 12

An effective way of separating miscible liquids , using a fractionating column. The separation is possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.

Question 13

Describe paper chromatography

Answer 13

It separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper. The different substances are separated because of their different solubilities in the solvent used.

Question 14

What is a miscible liquid?

Answer 14

Two liquids that have dissolved in each other, mixing completely

Question 15

What is a immiscible liquid?

Answer 15

Two liquids like oil and water that, once settled, will separate into layers

Question 16

When using fractional distillation when is it easy to separate miscible liquids?

Answer 16

When the boiling point of the two liquids is far apart such as water and ethanol

Question 17

What are atoms made of?

Answer 17

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 18

What charge do protons, electrons and neutrons have?

Answer 18

Protons = +1 charge
Electrons = -1 charge
Neutrons = neutral charge

Question 19

What is the relative mass of a proton and a neutron.

Answer 19

They are both 1

Question 20

Do atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons?

Answer 20

Yes they contain no overall charge

Question 21

What is the atomic number?

Answer 21

It is the number of protons which is equal to the number of electrons

Question 22

What is the mass number?

Answer 22

The number of protons and neutrons combined

Question 23

Do atoms of the Same element have the same number of protons and electrons in their atoms.

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What are negative ions?

Answer 24

They are atoms that gain electrons

Question 25

What are positive ions?

Answer 25

If atoms lose electrons they form positive ions

Question 26

Where on a elements are the mass number and atomic number ( top or bottom)?

Answer 26

Atomic number is at the bottom

Atomic mass is at the top

Question 27

What are isotopes?

Answer 27

Isotopes are different forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS, but a different number of NEUTRONS

Question 28

How are electrons arranged?

Answer 28

They are arranged in energy levels or shells

Question 29

How many electrons can each shell hold?

Answer 29

The first can hold 2 electrons the rest can hold 8

Question 30

What does the amount of electrons in the outer shell show?

Answer 30

The way in which the element reacts, a outer shell with a low amount of electrons will be more reactive than a full outer shell

Question 31

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Answer 31

A mixture is not chemically bonded a compound is

Question 32

What is the plum pudding theory?

Answer 32

A theory by J J Thompson he said that it was a ball of positive energy with negatively charged electrons lodged in it.

Question 33

What is the alpha particle test?

Answer 33

A test where they shot positively charged alpha particles at a thin gold sheet. According to the plum pudding theory they would go straight through however some deflected backwards off the nucleus because of its positive charged and the model we use today was thought up

Question 34

Describe the process of paper chromatography.

Answer 34

First a pencil line is drawn at the bottom.
Different coloured inks are dotted along the bottom.
Next the paper is dipped into the solvent.
The ink will move up the paper with the solvent.
When it is near the top take it out the beaker and leave it to dry.
The end result is a chromatograph

Question 35

Which method of separation is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Answer 35

Filtration

Question 36

Give the name of a method of separating a soluble solid from a liquid.

Answer 36

Evaporation.

The liquid will evaporate whilst the crystals of the solid begin to form.

Question 37

Which method of distillation would you use to separate a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points.

Answer 37

Fractional distillation.