Chapter 1-Atomic Theory

Question 1

What are electrons, protons and neutrons all known as?

Answer 1

Subatomic particles

Question 2

Define an Ion

Answer 2

When an atom gains or looses an electron, hence the atom becoming charged

Question 3

Define a Molecules

Answer 3

Two or more atoms that have been chemically combined.`

Question 4

Do properties change when substances are reduced to the nanoscale?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What does the atomic number represent.

Answer 5

The amount of protons in an atom and also can represent the number of electrons if the atom is uncharged

Question 6

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 6

Protons+ Neutrons

Question 7

Define an isotope

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons, hence having a different atomic mass.

Question 8

What do isotopes change about that element?

Answer 8

Properties remain the same however they physically look different.

Question 9

How are isotopes named?

Answer 9

Names by their element then proceeded by their unique mass e.g Oxygen-17

Question 10

Explain the emission spectrum

Answer 10

• Passing of light that is emitted by an element through a prism.
• They consist of singular coloured lines, each line representing the amount of energy that is being given off at any given time.

Question 11

Can electrons exists between orbits?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Why do electrons move up an orbit?

Answer 12

They have recieved more energy than they need

Question 13

What are electrons called when they move up an orbit?

Answer 13

Excited State

Question 14

Define “ground state” for an electron

Answer 14

When an electron is situated at its lowest energy state.

Question 15

What happens when an electron returns back to the ground state from an excited state?

Answer 15

They release energy in the form of light, hence the emission spectrum.

Question 16

What does the light given off by electrons represent?

Answer 16

Difference between two energy levels.

Question 17

Define an electron configuration

Answer 17

The arrangement of electrons in the shells

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electrons that a shell can hold?

Answer 18

2nsquared

Question 19

What does Niel’s Bohr model suggest about electron configuration?

Answer 19

That electrons orbited around the nucleus in definite paths called shells.

Question 20

Put in smallest to largest, orbital, shell, subshell

Answer 20

shell

Question 21

Explain the quantum model

Answer 21

Erwin Shcrodinger developed the model that electrons are arranged in shells, subshells and orbitals.
-According to this model an electron is found in an orbital of an atom.

Question 22

What is an orbital

Answer 22

Portrayed as a cloud with a negative charge

Question 23

What is the acronym for electron configuration?

Answer 23

s,p,d,f

Question 24

What are some exceptions to the order of configuration for electrons

Answer 24

the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell

Question 25

How can you tell the group and element from the electron configuration?

Answer 25

- The group number is found by the amount of valance electrons in the outer shell. - The period number is the number of last shell that has been filled with electrons

Question 26

What are the most stable situation for electrons to be in?

Answer 26

Filled subshells are known to be the most stable, however half-filled subshells are most stable than just partially filled.

Question 27

Electron Configuration for Chromium

Answer 27

1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^5, 4s^1

Question 28

Electron Configuration for Copper

Answer 28

1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3p^6, 3d^10, 4s^1

Question 29

What evidence does the emission spectra have to support Bohrs model of the atom?

Answer 29

Bohrs model was about energy levels called orbits. He also said electrons can change energy levels and cannot exist in between orbits. As well as this he proposed that electrons can jump from one energy level to another. Emission spectrum shows electrons leaving and returning their orbits and therefore proves his model.

Question 30

What does the method depend on in reagrds to the extraction of metals?

Answer 30

On the metals reactivity

Question 31

What reactivity does iron have?

Answer 31

Medium

Question 32

How is iron extracted from its ore?

Answer 32

Reaction with carbon in a blast furnace