Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry > Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the Unity of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the Unity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

How many amino acids construct proteins?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amino acids are linked together via

A

Peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List few of the functions of proteins

A

Acts as a receptor, signal molecules, structural roles, mobility, provides defenses against external environment, enhances the rate of chemical reactions (enzyme).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which major biological molecule stores and transfers information?

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many monomers construct nucleic acids?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the monomers called that construct nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a nucleotide composed of?

A

Five-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose / Ribose), base, and at least one phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleotides are linked together via

A

phosphodiester linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The information content of DNA is the sequence of

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four bases DNA is composed of

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is RNA single or double stranded?

A

Single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which RNA is a template for synthesis of proteins?

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is RNA’s pentose sugar?

A

Ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is RNA’s substitute for the base, thymine?

A

Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of the molecular basis of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Living organisms are composed of highly organized cells

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Living organisms require a constant source of energy

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Living organisms use regulated chemical reactions to maintain life

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Certain fundamental pathways are found in many organisms

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Instructions for life are encoded in which macromolecule

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is impermeable to most biomolecules (polar and large)

A

The plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What gives the plasma membrane a selective permeability trait?

A

Proteins that permit entry and exit of molecules and information in/out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cell wall composed of?

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are cell walls found?

A

Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cellulose is a polymer of..
Glucose
26
The cytoplasm is organized by a series of structural filaments (proteins) known as
The cytoskeleton
27
What are the three filaments that compose the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules
28
DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processes are located where in the cell?
The nucleus
29
90% of energy used by the cell is generated by which organelle?
Mitochondrion
30
What is photosynthesis and where does it occur?
Photosynthesis is the conversion of solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.
31
Which endoplasmic reticulum processes exogenous chemicals such as alcohol / drugs?
Smooth ER
32
Which endoplasmic reticulum is embedded with ribosomes?
Rough ER
33
What is the name of the vesicle that buds of the Rough ER that contains the modified protein that will be transferred to the Golgi complex?
Transport vesicle
34
What organelle is a series of stacked membranes that play a role in modification of proteins (attaches carbs)
Golgi complex
35
Budding off from the Golgi complex and towards the cell membrane are known as which type of vesicle?
Secretory vesicles (granules)
36
Secretory vesicles (granules) secrete biomolecules by
exocytosis
37
Bringing biomolecules (Iron, vitamins, cholesterols, etc.) into the cell is known as
Endocytosis
38
The process of large amounts of material taken into the cell is known as
Phagocytosis
39
Contains digestive enzymes and bud off the Golgi complex and fuses with endosomes to digest materials brought into the cell. They also degrade damaged organelles such as a mitochondrion.
Lysosome
40
Unique to plants, stores water, ions, and nutrients such as starch and lipids.
Plant vacuole
41
Site of energy-yielding oxidation reactions has its own DNA
Mitochondrion
42
Site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own DNA
Chloroplast
43
Membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
44
Sacs that contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxided
Peroxisomes
45
Separates the cell contents from the outside world
Cell membrane
46
Rigid exterior layer of plant cells
Cell wall
47
Humans and other organisms are 70% [?]
Water
48
By mass, what atom is the most abundant element after taking out water?
Carbon - followed by nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
49
What are the most abundant metal elements?
Calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium
50
Which biological macromolecule serve as structural components, catalysts, and signaling molecules?
Proteins
51
[?] is an example of a nucleotide
Adenosine triphosphate
52
What are the two major types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid
53
Used to convert genetic information into protein.
RNA
54
Permanent storage of information.
DNA
55
An example of an amphipathic molecule?
Lipids
56
Lipids are also sources of fuel. The acyl chain can be converted to [?], a major source of energy
Acetyl-coA
57
Which macromolecule is a source of fuel, regulates biologically functions such as intercellular signaling, and structural such as cellulose
Carbohydrates
58
Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller precursors and requires energy (ATP/NADPH)
Anabolism
59
Larger molecules degraded to smaller products and yields energy (ATP/NADH)
Catabolism
60
Production of new DNA during cell division
Replication
61
Production of RNA from DNA template
Transcription
62
Production of protein from RNA template and matches amino acid with RNA codon
Translation
63
Sugar is stored as [?] in animals. In plants it is stored as [?]
Glycogen; starch
64
Many biomolecules exist as polymers. Which of the following polymer(s) contains multiple branch points? ``` DNA RNA Glycogen Proteins Both RNA and glycogen ```
Glycogen
65
During transcription, which of the following is NOT found associated with the RNA polymerase at some point during the process? The DNA double helix Single stranded RNA The RNA-RNA hybrid helix
The RNA-RNA hybrid helix
66
When considering the chemical structure of ATP, which of the following statements is true? It contains two phosphate groups It contains six carbon sugar ring It contains the base, adenine It has a formal positive charge
It contains the base, adenine
67
Which of the following statements is true of lipids, but not true for proteins or nucleic acids? They have a typical molecular weight of 1300 They contain a hydrophilic hydrocarbon tail They are monomers They can act as signaling molecules They are monomers and act as signaling molecules
They have a typical molecular weight of 1300
68
Cell-to-cell interactions are often dependent on unique [?] on the cell surfaces. ``` Lipid hydrocarbons Amino acid monomers Carbohydrates All of the above None of the above ```
Carbohydrates
69
Which of the following statements is true of BOTH DNA replication and DNA translation? During the process, the DNA double helix is separated into single-stranded regions. During the process, only one single-stranded DNA region acts as a template. An intermediate in the process is an RNA-DNA hybrid helix. None of the above Both the first and second answers are true.
During the process, the DNA double helix is separated into single-stranded regions.
70
Which of the following does not contain a double membrane? An mitochondrion An nucleus An prokaryote An endosome
An endosome

Biochemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions