Chapter 1: Building Blocks of Relationships

Question 1

What are the 7 components of Intimacy

Answer 1

knowledge, interdependence, caring, trust, responsiveness, mutuality, commitment

Question 2

Knowledge

Answer 2

intimate partners have extensive personal, often confidential, information about each other

Question 3

Interdependence

Answer 3

intimate partners have strong diverse and enduring influence on each other

Question 4

Caring

Answer 4

intimate partners feel more affection for one another than they do for most others

Question 5

Trust

Answer 5

intimate partners expects treatment from one another that is fair and honorable

Question 6

Responsiveness

Answer 6

intimate partners are more attentive to each others needs, and they support each other more effectively than they do most others

Question 7

Mutuality

Answer 7

intimate partners think of themselves as a couple instead of two entirely separate individuals

Question 8

Commitment

Answer 8

intimate partners expect their relationship to continue and they work to realize that goal

Question 9

The Need to Belong

Answer 9

a powerful drive to establish intimate connections to others; people suffer both mentally and physically when they lack intimacy; tendency to form stable, affectionate connections to others may have been evolutionarily adaptive

Question 10

Impact of Loneliness

Answer 10

accelerate buildup of plaque in arteries; promotes inflammation of the brain; can contribute to alzheimers disease; can accelerate cancer growth; poor social relationships are associated with a 29% increase in risk of coronary heart disease

Question 11

The Influence of Culture

Answer 11

times have changed since our grandparents married; fewere people are marrying; people are waiting longer to marry; people routinely live together even when they are not married; people often have babies when they are not married; about 1/2 marriages end in divorce; most children have mothers who work outside the home; sex ratio

Question 12

Why have our cultural norms changed?

Answer 12

increasing socioeconomic development (people have more choices in affulent cultures); increasing individualism; new technology (being able to control fertility);

Question 13

Technoference

Answer 13

frequent interruptions of their interactions that are caused by their technological devices

Question 14

Phubbing

Answer 14

which occurs when one partner snubs another by focusing on a phone; is obnoxious; no one likes to be ignored while you text or talk with someone else

Question 15

Sex Ratio

Answer 15

sex ratio is lower (fewer men)

Question 16

Cultures with high sex ratios…

Answer 16

few women; tend to support traditional roles and to be sexually conservative

Question 17

Cultures with low sex ratios….

Answer 17

few men; tend to be less traditional and more permissive

Question 18

The Influence of Experience

Answer 18

attachment styles; anxiety about abandonment; avoidance of intimacy

Question 19

Attachment Styles

Answer 19

infants interactions with their caregivers shape this; their learned orientations toward relationships with others

Question 20

What are the 3 attachment styles?

Answer 20

secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant

Question 21

Secure

Answer 21

trusting and relaxed

Question 22

Anxious-Ambivalent

Answer 22

nervous and clingy

Question 23

Avoidant

Answer 23

suspicious and withdrawn

Question 24

Anxiety about Abandonment

Answer 24

the worry that others will find us unworthy and leave us

Question 25

Avoidance of Intimacy

Answer 25

affects the ease and trust with which we accept interdependent intimacy with others

Question 26

What are the 4 categories of adult attachment?

Answer 26

secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful

Question 27

Secure (adult)

Answer 27

comfortable with intimacy and interdependence; optimistic and sociable

Question 28

Preoccupied

Answer 28

uneasy and vigilant toward any threat to the relationship; needy and jealous

Question 29

Dismissing

Answer 29

self-reliant and uninterested in intimacy; indifferent and independent

Question 30

Fearful

Answer 30

fearful of rejection and mistrustful of others; suspicious and shy

Question 31

Attachment Styles are...

Answer 31

learned through our experiences in close relationships

Question 32

The Influence of Individual Differences

Answer 32

we are all individuals with our own combinations of experiences and traits; sex differences, gender differences, personality, self esteem

Question 33

Sex differences

Answer 33

stereotypes suggests large differences; actual interests, styles, and abilities of men and women overlab substantially; some sex differences are quite small; misguided to say men and women are very different

Question 34

Gender Differences

Answer 34

gender refers to social and psychological distinctions created by our cultures and upbringing; gender roles: men are expected to masculine and women feminine but only about half of us have attributes that fit these expectations well

Question 35

Masculine traits are...

Answer 35

instrumental traits

Question 36

Feminine traits are...

Answer 36

expressive traits

Question 37

Androgynous

Answer 37

many of us are both instrumental and expressive; being both assertive and warm and sensitive and self-reliant

Question 38

The Big Five Personality Traits

Answer 38

agreeableness- cooperative and trusting; extraversion- outgoing and sociable; conscientiousness- dutiful and dependable; neuroticism- anxious and angry; openness to experience- imaginative and unconventional

Question 39

Sociometer Theory

Answer 39

self-esteem guage that measures the quality of our relationships with others; when others like us, we like ourselves

Question 40

When people have low self-esteem...

Answer 40

underestimate their partners love for them; less optimistic that their loves will last; perceive disregard where none exists; respond less constructively to conflicts

Question 41

The Influence of Human Nature

Answer 41

evolution has instilled in us certain tendencies that shape our relationships; some characteristics/traits may have helped our ancestors so they have become more common place;

Question 42

What are the three assumptions of evolutionary psychology?

Answer 42

sexual selection has sculpted our species; men and women differ only to the extent that they have faced different reproductive dilemmas; cultures determine whether certain behaviors are adpative and cultural changes occur faster than human nature does

Question 43

What are different reproductive delimmas that men and women face?

Answer 43

parental investment, paternity uncertainty, short term vs. long term lovers

Question 44

Parental Investment

Answer 44

men and women differ enormously in the minimum time and biological effort they have to provide to each child they produce; so it is adaptive for women to be more careful inchooseing their mates

Question 45

Paternity Uncertainty

Answer 45

men, but not women, may face doubts about whether or not a particular child is theirs; so men are especially vigilant toward the threat of marital infidelity

Question 46

Short Term vs. Long Term Lovers

Answer 46

what we like in casual, short term lovers may differ from what we seek in committed, long term mates; ex) women may prefer sexy, charismatic, and dominant men for short term liaisons, they may not consider such men to make very good husbands, particularly if they are poor

Question 47

The Influence of Interaction

Answer 47

relationships emerge from the combination of the partners experience ad talents and are often much more than the sum of those parts; two people may create a relationship that only faintly resembles the relationships they share with other people

Question 48

Relationships are....

Answer 48

fluid, dynamic processes rather than static, changeless things

Question 49

What is the dark side of intimacy?

Answer 49

intimacy is sometimes costly; distres and displeasure sometimes result from our dealings with others

Question 50

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