Chapter 1 Cells Flashcards
Calculating magnification
Size of image / size of real object
Calculating image size
Magnification x size of real object
Calculating size of real object
Image size / magnification
One advantage of a light microscope
It can magnify up to x2000
One advantage of electron microscopes
It can magnify up to x2,000,000
Nucleus
Controls all the activities in the cell. They carry green genomes on the chromosomes to control to proteins needing to build or regrow cells.
Cytoplasm
When most of the chemical reactions take place.
Cell membrane
Controls the passage of substances such as glucose into the cell.
Mitochondria
Small structures in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, to release energy in the body. They are very small about 1-2um in length.
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place making all the proteins needed in the cell.
Cell wall (found in plant cells)
Made from cellulose for support and strength the cell structure.
Chloroplast
Found in all green parts of a plant. They are green because they contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis (process of making food within a plant).
A permeant vacuole
This is a space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important to keep the cells rigid to support the plant.
Eukaryotic cells
All have a membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells
Consist of cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material isn’t like the nucleus but is a loop of just genetic material. A common example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria. Also outside the cell wall is a flagella which is a tail helping the prokaryotic cell to move around
Nerve cells
Nerve cells are specialised cells used for carrying out electrical pulses around an animal cells.
Muscle cells
Muscle cells are specialised to relax and contract the muscles
Sperm cells
Sperm cells are usually released a long way from the egg so they have
- A long tail the whips side to side to help the sperm move through water
- A large nucleus to carry on the genetic information
Root hair cells
You can find root hair cells close to the tips of growing plants. This can catch rain water for growth. Also they have many mitochondria to spread energy around the plant.
Phloem cells
This cell is specialised to transport tissue that carries food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant.
Diffusion
The spreading out of gas from a high concentrated zone to a low concentrated zone
State a difference between diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. This will be in an open area. Osmosis is a demonstration of what happens with the cell membrane
Active transport
Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
What is active transport used for?
Active transport uses energy from food to give the body energy for respiration
