Chapter 1: Cellular Function

Question 1

Movement of solutes from a high to lower concentration

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

Simple or protein channel facilitated movement that does not use energy

Answer 2

Passive diffusion

Question 3

Movement of solutes against a concentration gradient

Answer 3

Active diffusion

Question 4

Occurs during anaerobic metabolization which means there is a lack of O2

Answer 4

Lactic acid

Question 5

The movement of water or any solvent across the cell membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Answer 5

Osmosis

Question 6

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 6

Osmotic pressure

Question 7

Draws water in to the cell, protein mediated

Answer 7

Oncotic pressure

Question 8

process of bring something into the call that is too large to enter

Answer 8

endocytosis

Question 9

Cellular eating

Answer 9

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Cellular drinking

Answer 10

Pinocytosis

Question 11

Release of material from cell onto cell membrane

Answer 11

Exocytosis

Question 12

Where do cells get their energy from?

Answer 12

Glucose and triglycerides

Question 13

Transmitted genetic information

Answer 13

Genotype

Question 14

Outward expression of a gene

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

What are the five parts of Mitosis?

Answer 15

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 16

Phase of cellular growth, DNA duplication

Answer 16

Interphase

Question 17

Phase of chromosome condensation

Answer 17

Prophase

Question 18

Phase where chromosomes align

Answer 18

Metaphase

Question 19

Phase where chromosomes move to opposite poles

Answer 19

Anaphase

Question 20

Phase where new cell membranes are formed

Answer 20

Telophase

Question 21

Type of cell that lines the outside and interior portions of the body

Answer 21

Epithelial cells

Question 22

Purpose of the epithelial cells

Answer 22

protect, absorb, secrete, and excrete

Question 23

The most common function is to support, attach and store

Answer 23

Connective tissue

Question 24

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 24

Collagen, elastic, and recticular

Question 25

Cellular adaptation from decreased work demand on cells

Answer 25

Atrophy

Question 26

Cellular adaptation that causes an increase in cell size

Answer 26

Hypertrophy

Question 27

Cellular adaptation that causes an increase in cellular number

Answer 27

Hyperplasia

Question 28

Cellular adaptation that causes immature cells to replace adult cells

Answer 28

Metaplasia

Question 29

Cells mutate into different sizes, shapes

Answer 29

Dysplasia

Question 30

What occurs in necrosis that does not occur in apoptosis?

Answer 30

Inflammation (In apoptosis, there is no inflammation because cellular components are engulfed)

Question 31

Enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic cells

Answer 31

Liquification necrosis

Question 32

Necrotic cells disintegrate but cellular debris remains in the area for months

Answer 32

Caseous necrosis

Question 33

results from an interruption in blood Flow

Answer 33

Coagulative necrosis

Question 34

Loss of differentiation that occurs with cells

Answer 34

Anaplasia

Question 35

Hallmarks of cancer include:

Answer 35

Evading growth suppressors, limitless replication, genomic instability, increased glycolysis, avades apoptosis

Question 36

Phase of carcinogenesis where DNA is damaged or mutated

Answer 36

Initiation

Question 37

Phase in carcinogenesis where mutated cells promote growth

Answer 37

Promotion

Question 38

Phase in carcinogenesis where cells invade, metastasize

Answer 38

Progression

Question 39

What are the clinical manifestations of cancer

Answer 39

Anemia, fatigue, infection, cachexia, leukopenia, pain

Question 40

What is the cancer cure definition

Answer 40

The five year survival without recurrence after diagnosis

Question 41

What are the four modes of inheritance?

Answer 41

Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive

Question 42

Inherited degenerative generalized disorder of the connective tissue Clinical manifestations: Ocular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular disorders -autosomal dominant

Answer 42

Marfan Syndrome

Question 43

Neurogenic tumors arising from Schwann cells. higher incidence of learning disabilities and seizures - autosomal dominant

Answer 43

Neurofibromatosis

Question 44

Deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, autosomal recessive,

Answer 44

Phenylketonuria

Question 45

Progressive disorder from mutation in HEXA gene on chromosome 15, exaggerated moro reflex, delayed motor movement

Answer 45

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 46

Why are males more affected by X linked disorders

Answer 46

They only have one x chromosome

Question 47

X-linked dominant disorder associated with FMR1 on X chromosome

Answer 47

Fragile X syndrome

Question 48

More than the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes in a cell

Answer 48

Polyploidy

Question 49

Abormal separation during cell division that causes too many or too few chromosomes

Answer 49

Aneuploidy

Question 50

Deletion of part or all of X chromosome (only affects females)

Answer 50

Turner syndrome

Question 51

One or more extra X chromosome and at least one Y

Answer 51

Klinefelter syndrome