chapter 1 chapter review

Question 1

what two factors made the Pinkerton national detective agency very effective in dealing with outlaws?

Answer 1

unrestricted by jurisdiction

aided by employees record system

Question 2

Of what importance is the closing of the frontier in 1890?

Answer 2

Transition from rural to urban

Question 3

how is politics defined? why can’t it be kept out of police agencies?

Answer 3

as process of maintaining control over gov.

• supervisor by elected vs. appointed
• actions taken/not taken by gov. agencies-policy expressed in law
• keep out of partisan

Question 4

What was the machine politics in the 9th century?

Answer 4

as tightly controlled political party headed by boss purpose to win elections for personal gain.

Question 5

What are the worst and best things about patronage/spoils system?

Answer 5

reward for loyalty rather than ability (1820-1883)

get jobs/liquor license etc.

Question 6

why is the concept of a police profession so important?

Answer 6

change views of police officers from corruption to noble

Question 7

how did gus Vollmer contribute to policing?

Answer 7

as father of modern law enforcement, incorporated first patrol cards, signal system, records system, crime analysis etc.

Question 8

In what ways did prohibition affect policing?

Answer 8

were paid off to look the other way

Question 9

What were the black codes and jim crow laws and what were they intended to accomplish?

Answer 9

keep african americans in their place.

Question 10

In what ways did WWII affect law enforcement

Answer 10

open doors for women in police forcd

Question 11

the unequal badge problem was institutionalized racism. what was it?

Answer 11

african american officers patrolled community of their own kind, not allowed to arrest white citizens.

Question 12

what forces made the 1960’s so politically and socially tumultuous?

Answer 12

cuba invasion, soviet union, racial tension, economic & racial tension - marquette frye - riots MLK assasination

Question 13

how did the police rank and file become isolated in the 1960’s

Answer 13

us against them. isolated/unsupported

Question 14

what events lead to research on policing during the 1970’s?

Answer 14

watergate, 2 assassination attempts on fords life, Ohio kent state students - killed by national guard.

Question 15

What are COP, ZTP, Compstat, and EBP

Answer 15

Community Policing
zero tolerance policing
analysis/police strategies
evidence base policing research

Question 16

How did events in 19th Century England influence the development of unified, full time police departments in this country?

Answer 16

Made 2 shifts
improved agricultural methods
drawn to cities
cities grew/crime grew - metropolitan act passed

Question 17

why is studying the evolution of policing crucial?

Answer 17

past important lessons
ignoring past will repeat
knowledge of past breeds "espirit de corps"
pride in heritage of profession 
appreciation of those before us 
comprehend prof. know where came from
vocab of policing
sets stage of disc. upcoming chapters

Question 18

earliest american colonists depended on who, to patrol and alert them to threats?

Answer 18

citizens, night watchmen

Question 19

New york city was known as?

Answer 19

New Amsterdam

Question 20

What year in New Amsterdam was the office of sheriff created?

Answer 20

1625

Question 21

In what year and where, was the first city to have paid full time day police officers?

Answer 21

1833/philadelphia

Question 22

when and where was the first unified day/night police force created?

Answer 22

1844/New York City

Question 23

During the 17th and 18th century, England’s economy made two key shifts:

Answer 23

improved agricultural methods

people drawn to cities (industrial revolution) 1760-1830

Question 24

Industrial revolution shifted manual labor to ____?

Answer 24

machine made initially textile industry

Question 25

as englands population grew what happened?

Answer 25

slums, crime, social unrest escalated dealing w/crime inadequate

Question 26

When did parliament pass the Metropolitan police act?

Answer 26

1829 strong support: Sir Robert Peele 1788-1850

Question 27

Int he first 3 yrs. of passing the Metropolitan Police Act was there confidence and support? How Many officers dismissed? How many reassigned?

Answer 27

No / 5,000 / 6,000

Question 28

When did the image of the wild and wooley west loom large?

Answer 28

90 yrs. 1800-1890

Question 29

What was the pony express and how long did it last?

Answer 29

relay station every 10 miles (1860-1861) 1 yr due to telegraph

Question 30

Where was gold discovered and what year?

Answer 30

sutters mill, california 1848

Question 31

what did the discovery of gold contribute?

Answer 31

settlement for the west

Question 32

what did the homestead act of 1862 provide?

Answer 32

Land to settlers

Question 33

What year was the transcontinental railroad completed?

Answer 33

1869 barbed wire closed off open range

Question 34

war with native americans 1823-1890 forced them onto?

Answer 34

reservations (money for police agency 1879 - united states mint police

Question 35

by the 1920's how many americans lived in cities?

Answer 35

51%

Question 36

why was the pendelton act passed?

Answer 36

mandated some federal positions be competitive by examination & app. on merit

Question 37

what committee was formed to provide "security for life and property?"

Answer 37

committee of vigilance 1851 executed criminals / forced officials to step down.

Question 38

who was the lexow committee

Answer 38

established in NY 1845-1895 examine police corruption (10,000) pages

Question 39

what were the needs of the reformation period in the 20th century 1900 - 1926

Answer 39

arousing public from it's apathy creating a model separating politics patronage from gov. agencies

Question 40

what author exposed corruption in chicago 1906?

Answer 40

Lincoln steffens

Question 41

what did sinclairs novel uncover and help pass?

Answer 41

abuses at meat packing industry / FDA act

Question 42

President Roosevelt labeled steffens and others who exposed scandals and corruption as _____?

Answer 42

muckrakers

Question 43

who provided the conceptual corner store and who called for what?

Answer 43

provided by Woodrow wilson : called for separation of politics and administration

Question 44

What did the boston police strike of 1919 do?

Answer 44

was seen as incompatible w/ new public service. mass & other states passed laws forbidding public unions

Question 45

what organization completed a major study of crime and who worked on the police department?

Answer 45

cleveland foundation / raymond fosdick 1883-1972 | uses outside experts to study police agencies

Question 46

What does the word profession mean?

Answer 46

announce a belief pro (forth) fateri (confess) 1st public statements/declaration of faith 2nd 1541 learned occupation 3rd earned living 25 years later mertons criteria: knowing/doing/helping beckers criteria: call you one/you are

Question 47

who is the father of modern law enforcement?

Answer 47

august vollmer 1905-1932

Question 48

In berkley california they became the model of professional policing because of vollmer, why?

Answer 48

1st mobilized officers introduced, signal system, modern records system, crime analysis, geographical beats, scientific lab in u.s. 1916, lie detector 1921

Question 49

What did the pendelton act of 1883 help end?

Answer 49

Patronage/spoils system

Question 50

what did the federal hatch act do?

Answer 50

forbid federal employees from engaging in political activities - spurred similar for local gov.

Question 51

what did the military model result in?

Answer 51

more positions in specialized work; inspections, accountability, "bureaucratic form of organization more military style - hired military officers

Question 52

where did the temperance movement come from?

Answer 52

churches - drinking a sin (2nd 1/2 19th century)

Question 53

when was prohibition? (volstead act) (National prohibition act)

Answer 53

1919-1933 created organized crime 18th amendment

Question 54

when was the 18h amendment repealed by the 21st amendment?

Answer 54

1933

Question 55

what was the snatch racket?

Answer 55

criminals committing bank robberies & Kidnappings

Question 56

in 1929 president hoover appointed national commission on law observance and law enforcement. What was this?

Answer 56

first comprehensive study of crime & policing in america's history "wickersham commission.

Question 57

What was the Federal Forces act 1870 for?

Answer 57

dissolve KKK

Question 58

WWII created position in the police department and defense industry - what was "born" during this time?

Answer 58

civil rights movement

Question 59

The civil rights act of 1964 invalidated Jim Crow Laws. Title VII of the act forbade?

Answer 59

Businesses from discriminating - local gov. excluded until? equal employment act in 1972

Question 60

what did the generic name Levitt town mean?

Answer 60

many suburban homes built by levitt brothers

Question 61

The bus boycott lasted how long and reduced revenue ____ %?

Answer 61

381 days / 81% (1956-fed. gov. desegregation of bus system)

Question 62

In 1959 what was POST created for?

Answer 62

California Peace Officers Standard and Training Commission - created standard of Police selection & training Professional licensing board

Question 63

Terra Incognita?

Answer 63

Unknown Land

Question 64

When was compstat implemented

Answer 64

1994 New York City

Question 65

What is EBP?

Answer 65

Evidence based policing - research process practices