Chapter 1: Concepts and Definitions

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

any specific collection of objects of interest

eg: set of all cars in canada

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

any specific subset or collection of the population

eg: set of 200 cars selected from the population

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

Sample that consists of the whole population

Question 4

Measurement/Variable

Answer 4

Number attached to each member of the population or sample

eg: value (price, colour, make) attached to each vehicle

Question 5

Parameter

Answer 5

number that describes a characteristic of the population

eg: average value of all cars, average height of all people in the world

Question 6

Sample

Answer 6

any subset of the population

eg: 200 cars

Question 7

Sample Data

Answer 7

Collective measurements of sample elements

eg: value of each of the 200 cars

Question 8

Statistic

Answer 8

number calculated from the sample data

eg: average value of the 200 cars, average height of 1000 people from the entire population

Question 9

Basic concept of Statistics with height example

Answer 9

It is realistically impossible to ascertain the average height of all people in the world, and therefore we take a subset of the population, say 1000, and obtain the average height statistic of these 1000 which can be used to roughly estimate the average height of all people in the world.

Question 10

Distribution

Answer 10

tells us what values the variables will take, and how likely/unlikely they are to take these values.
eg: 11.2% of cars are red, 45% are pink.

Question 11

1) . Descriptive Statistics

2) . Inferential Statistics

Answer 11

1) . describes general characteristics of a set of data

2) . draw inferences from unkown features of a population, based on known features of a sample drawn from the population

Question 12

1. Qualitative data

2. Quantitative data

Answer 12

1. no numerical scale, but consists of attributes/labels or other non-numerical characteristics.
2. numerical measurements that arise from a natural numerical scale.