Chapter 1- Contempoary Patterns Of Migration

Question 1

Have migration rates been increasing or decreasing since 21st century ?

Answer 1

INCREASING

Question 2

In 2015, what percentage of te world population were living outside country of origin?

Answer 2

3.3% of the population ( 244 million )

Question 3

Population change=

Answer 3

(Births- deaths)±international migration

Question 4

Why are migration figures estimates

Answer 4

Lack of uniformity among countries
Many undocumented and illegal migrations
DIFFICULTY OBTAINING RELIABLE, ACCURATE AND COMPARABLE STATISTICS

Question 5

What is a long term migrant

Answer 5

Person who moves to a country other than their usual residence for a period of at least a year

Question 6

Short term migrant

Answer 6

Moves, for at least 3 months but less than a year

Question 7

what is GDP?

Answer 7

The economic activity within a. Country

Sum of the market values or prices of all final goods and services produced by an economy during a period of time

Question 8

What is HDI ?

Answer 8

Human development index, indicator of level of development for each country
Combines income, literacy, education and life expectancy

Question 9

What is EMigration like - UK

Answer 9

5. 1 million people born in the uk lived abroad in 2013
   - employment opportunities
   - retirements- old people
   - family reunification

Question 10

Immigration - UK

Answer 10

There were 7.8 million foreign born people living in the UK in 2013
Women representing OVER HALF of the immigrant population in 2013

Question 11

London - immigration

Answer 11

Largest number of immigrants of all regions in the uk
36.2 %

Asian countries- India more than double any other nationality

Question 12

Inter regional migrants flows>

Answer 12

Movement form ONE CONTRY TO ANOTHER - GLOBAL
E.g. Africa and Europe

Large distances
Between west Africa and Spain via its northern African territories of Ceuta adn Melilla and the Canary Islands
Centeral Mediterranean from Libyan ports to Italy’s most southern point-lampedusa

Question 13

What is the lee migration model

Answer 13

Shows push and pull factors, intervening obstacles and the host and destination country

Question 14

What are intervening obstacles

Answer 14

Costs, language , health, transport, physical features

Question 15

Pull factors

Answer 15

Higher wages between quality of life, cheaper living prices

Question 16

Push factors

Answer 16

War, few jobs, infertile land

Question 17

Intra regional migration

Answer 17

Between regions
One region of a continent e.g. France and England
LOTS BETWEEN EU 28

Question 18

2012- INTRA REGIONALLY MIGRATION , EU

Answer 18

In 2o12, 1.7 million people resident in an EU COUNTRY MIGRATED OT ANOTHER EU COUNTRU

A further 1.7 moved to the Euro from countries outside

2.7 from Europe to non eu

Question 19

Why is migration in the Eu so large (within)

Answer 19

Schengen Agreement- allows freedom of movement within most of the Eu across its internal national borders
Recent Euro expansion - Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Cyprus adn Slovenia all joined in 2004
Higher wages

Question 20

Poland- UK migration

Answer 20

Jiwbgp

Question 21

How is development measured

Answer 21

HUMan development index

Social and economic indices for life expectant, education and GDP per capita

Question 22

Name some statistics for remittances from India and Haiti

Answer 22

India- 69.95 billion IN total ( 3.7% of GDP )

Haiti- 1.78 billion ( 21.1% of GDP)

Question 23

What is forced migration

Answer 23

Religious, wars, original resection, slaves or forced labour, lack of food or famine, natural disaster, over population, reducelopment, environmental e,g, Chernobyl

Question 24

Voluntary MIGRATION

Answer 24

Jobs, higher salaries, tax avoidance, opening up of new areas, trade and economic expansion, retirement

Question 25

Prevention of voluntary migration

Answer 25

``` Lack of money Lack of skills and education Illness Lack of AWARNESS and Opputinities Threat of family division and heavy family responsibilities Government restrictions ```

Question 26

Reasons for return

Answer 26

``` Racial tension in new area Earned sufficient money to return To be reunited with fam Foreign culture proved unacceptable Causes of initial migration removed ( political or religious persecution) ```

Question 27

Barriers for return

Answer 27

Insufficient money to afford transport Standard of living. Lower than in original are a Racial religious or political problems in original area

Question 28

Economic impacts of migration - HOST q

Answer 28

Take up desirable, menial jobs that need filing Gained skilled labour for cheap Need to education children Increased pressure on resources and services

Question 29

Origin- impacts of migration ECONOMCI

Answer 29

Remittances boost economy Less pressure on resources People are MORE skilled Loss of young workforce, slowing economic development Loss. Of labour- may reduce inward investment by private companies, increasing dependancies on government initiatives

Question 30

Social impacts of migration on HOST

Answer 30

Increases understanding and tolerance of other cultures Skills e.g. Language Segregated ethnic areas created E.G. China town School become more dominated by migrating children Dominance of males are reinforced from many male migrants

Question 31

Social impacts of migration on origin

Answer 31

Fertility decreases= lower population Remittances- improve Heath services Reurning migrants increase social expectations for communities e.g. Higher demand for better facilities Creation of single mums- men migration

Question 32

Political impacts- host

Answer 32

Discrimination against ethnic groups adn minorities- civil unrest and extremism

Question 33

Political impacts- origin

Answer 33

Requests for international aid Policies to encourage immigration to counteract out flow Policies to encourage natural increase can be developed

Question 34

Global migration - stability

Answer 34

Migrant remittances = economic stability Returning migrants= new ideas and values e.g. democracy and equality Ageing population- youthful migrants = BALANCE age structure and population growth

Question 35

Economic growth - global migration

Answer 35

GDP boosted by working migrants Migrants - consumers - stimulate local economies in host country, opening up new markets in demand for food, clothing etc Fill skill gaps and shortages in labour market Migrant remittances can supplement household income , consumption funds for local investment

Question 36

Development - migration

Answer 36

Skills and knowledge acquired by returning migrants Migrants - NETWORKS , ease flow of skills financial resources etc UN migrant and development projects - partner countries, involve family and local authorities

Question 37

Migration - injustices

Answer 37

Violation of human rights- exploitation , trafficking Treatment of asylum seekers - detention centre, not allowed to work, bad financial resources and food/ sanitation Plight of refugees - food, water safety including possibility of return to country of origin where risks are high

Question 38

Conflicts - migration

Answer 38

Social conflicts can develop between host communities and newcomers Immigrant population - PRESSURE on services International borders - place of conflict

Question 39

Inequalities

Answer 39

Loose young, for labour force - downward economic spiral Brain drain Crude birth rates Remittances - inequality between fans that get them and don’t