Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards
(28 cards)
Anatomy
Study of structure and relationships
Anatomy
Study of structure
Physiology
How body functions
Gross anatomy
Study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope
Microscopic anatomy
Cytology and histology
Levels of organization
Chemical, cellular, tissue level, organ level, organ system, organismal
Chemical level
Atoms (C, H, O, N, Ca) and molecule (DNA, hemoglobin, glucose)
Tissue level
Groups of similar cells
Organ level
Composed of two or more different tissues
Organization
Every organism has a characteristic pattern of organization which differs from that of inanimate objects
Responsiveness
Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
Homeostasis
The condition in which the internal environment of the body remains relatively constant in terms of gases, nutrients, ions, water, temp, and pressure
Intracellular fluid
Fluid inside a cell
Extracellular fluid and name the 2 types of fluid
Fluid outside the cell
2 types:
Interstitial fluid - fills the spaces between cells
Plasma - blood
Stress
Any stimulus that causes an imbalance in the internal environment
Feedback system
A cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, etc
Control center
Determines the set point of some aspect of the body
Receptor
Monitors the changes in the controlled condition
Effector
Receives information (output) from the control center and produces a response (effect)
Negative feedback system
Causes the level of a variable to change in the direction opposite of the initial change
Positive feedback system
Causes the level of a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change
Superior vs inferior
Superior: toward head or upper part of body structure
Inferior: away from the head or lower part of body structure
Anterior (ventral) vs Posterior (dorsal)
Anterior: toward or at front of body…in front of
Posterior: toward or at back of body…behind
Medial vs lateral
Medial: toward midline of body
Lateral: away from midline of body
