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Chemistry ATAR Units 1 and 2 > Chapter 1 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

alpha particles

A

a particle containing two protons and two neutrons, aka helium nucleus

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2
Q

element

A

a pure substance made up of atom of the same atomic number

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3
Q

periodic tabe

A

a chart of the elements, arranged in increasing atomic number; it is organised into groups and periods to show trends in the elements

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4
Q

synthetic element

A

element that does on exist in nature, but has been made in a laboratory

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5
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom

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6
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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7
Q

electrostatic attraction

A

a force that pulls the particles together when they have an opposite charge

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8
Q

electrostatic repulsion

A

a force that pushes particles apart when they have an identical change

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9
Q

strong nuclear force

A

an attractive force that exists between particles in the nucleus; it is a short-range force acting only on adjacent particles

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10
Q

isotopes

A

different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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11
Q

chemical properties

A

a property of a substance relating to its ability to change to new substances during chemical reactions

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12
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the mean mass of an element that takes into account the isotope masses and the relative abundance on Earth; it is measured against carbon-12

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13
Q

physical properties

A

an observable feature of a substance that can be measured without changing the identity of the substance, such as colour, density, hardness

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14
Q

radioactive decay

A

the spontaneous disintegration of an atom due to instability in the nucleus, during which particles or electromagnetic radiation are released

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15
Q

periods

A

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table that gives information on the number of energy level s occupied by electrons

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16
Q

groups

A

a vertical column in the periodic table that gives information on number of valence shell electrons and trends between atoms

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17
Q

alkali metals

A

the common name for elements found in group 1 of the periodic table

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18
Q

transition elements

A

elements found between groups 2 and 13 in the periodic table, also known as the d-block elements

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19
Q

reactivity

A

the likelihood of an element or substance undergoing a chemical reaction

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20
Q

metalloid

A

an element that has properties of both metals and non metals

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21
Q

nanotechnology

A

a branch of science dealing with particles in the range of 1-100 nanometres

22
Q

allotropes

A

a different physical form of the same element

23
Q

energy levels (energy shells)

A

a region of the atom in which electrons of the same energy can be found

24
Q

electron configuration

A

the arrangement of electrons around an atom in their energy levels

25
Q

subshells

A

a part of an energy level that contains orbitals of the same energy

26
Q

atomic orbitals

A

the region of space around an atom that has a specific shape and may contain a maximum of two electrons

27
Q

lanthanoids

A

period of the periodic table that, along with the actinides, make up the f block

28
Q

actinoids

A

the period on the periodic table that, along with lanthanides, make up the f block

29
Q

electron shell diagram

A

a visual representation of electrons in their energy levels around the nucleus

30
Q

electron charge cloud diagrams

A

a visual representation of the region of space around a nucleus where an electron might be found

31
Q

atomic orbital diagram

A

a diagram showing the space electrons occupy in one of four orbitals -s, p, d, f

32
Q

valence (outer) shell

A

the outermost shell of an atom that contains electrons

33
Q

atomic radius

A

the distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the cloud of electrons surrounding it

34
Q

ionisation energy

A

the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom when it is a gas

35
Q

electronegativity

A

the relative ability of an atom to attract electrons

36
Q

electron affinity

A

the ability of an atom in the gaseous state to accept an electron and form a negative ion

37
Q

ground state

A

when all the electrons of an atom are at their lowest possible energy levels

38
Q

excited state

A

when an electron is in a higher energy level than the ground state due to absorption energy

39
Q

wavelength

A

a property of light related to the length of the wave, which can give properties of light such as colour

40
Q

spectroscopy

A

the branch in chemistry involving absorption and emission of light from substances

41
Q

spectroscope

A

a device used to separate light into ins component wavelengths

42
Q

line emission spectrum

A

a pattern of lines showing the component wavelengths in light

43
Q

vaporised

A

when a substance is heated so that it turns into its atomic form

44
Q

atomic absorption spectroscopy

A

an analytical technique for determining the unknown

45
Q

quantitative analysis

A

analysis that measures values such as amount, concentration or volume rather than just identifying the substance

46
Q

monochromator

A

a device used in atomic absorbance spectroscopy to select light of a single wavelength

47
Q

detector

A

a device used to measure light or particles, found in both atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry processes

48
Q

absorbance

A

a measurement taken by a machine that compares the light passing into a substance with that existing and gives a value

49
Q

calibration curve

A

a graph constructed during atomic absorption spectroscopy that plots known concentrations against the absorbance values, used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance

50
Q

mass spectrometry

A

an analytical method that uses the different masses of particles to measure their relative abundance in a sample

51
Q

isotopic composition

A

the number and amount of isotopes within a sample of an element

52
Q

ultra violet light

A

invisible, high energy, high frequency light

Chemistry ATAR Units 1 and 2 (6 decks)

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