CHAPTER 1 DONE

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

Answer 1

Mosquito

Question 2

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

Answer 2

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question 3

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed _____.

Answer 3

Microorganisms

Question 4

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

Answer 4

prokaryotes

Question 5

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

Answer 5

pathogens

Question 6

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

Answer 6

Lack cell structure

Question 7

Helminths are _____.

Answer 7

parasitic worms

Question 8

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

Answer 8

Viruses

Question 9

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

Answer 9

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question 10

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was _____.

Answer 10

Joseph Lister

Question 11

Sterility refers to ______

Answer 11

having an absence of any life forms and viral particles

Question 12

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 12

Robert Koch

Question 13

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

Answer 13

Taxonomy

Question 14

.Which of the following is a scientific name?

Answer 14

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 15

Which scientific name is written correctly?

Answer 15

Staphylococcus aureus (italics)

Question 16

ATP is best described as _____.

Answer 16

the energy molecule of cells

Question 17

Characteristics shared by all cells include _____.

Answer 17

All of these choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?

Answer 18

Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method?

Answer 19

Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis

Question 20

Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) Microorganisms have inhabited the Earth for billions of years, and can be found inhabiting a variety of environments. In fact, microbes performing anoxygenic photosynthesis led to the oxygenation of early Earth’s atmosphere. These ancient organisms were _____.

Answer 21

bacteria

Question 22

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) The RN applies therapeutic communication techniques to assess of Ms. Smith’s understanding of the principle of sterility. Her statement of “I need to sterilize myself and my environment of all germs so I do not get sick” would be best followed by which of the following questions by the RN?

Answer 22

Can you tell me more about what sterility means to you?

Question 23

Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic.

(NCLEX) As Ms. Smith progresses with her plan of care, the RN provides education regarding beneficial applications of microbes. Scientists use microbes to produce drugs, hormones, and enzymes. This type of biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign genetic material into a microbe, a process called ________.

Answer 23

recombinant DNA technology

Question 24

Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare

(NCLEX) Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly represented as _____.

Answer 24

Staphylococcus

Question 25

# Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare (NCLEX) Wanda is receptive to the nurse’s teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-necked flasks, he disproved the concept of ________.

Answer 25

spontaneous generation

Question 26

# Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare (NCLEX) Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms best represents this technique?

Answer 26

Asepsis

Question 27

# Wanda is a medical assistant and the newest employee of your healthcare (NCLEX) Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are ________.

Answer 27

noncellular particles

Question 28

# Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted (NCLEX) The nurse implements an extensive nutrition education plan for Breonna, beginning at the molecular level. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main families of biological molecules referred to as _____.

Answer 28

macromolecules

Question 29

# Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted (NCLEX) The structure of proteins is complex and unique, and only specific molecules can interact with their surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native state. When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, or alcohol, their shape is disrupted and they become nonfunctional or _____.

Answer 29

Denatured

Question 30

# Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5’4”, and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted (NCLEX) You inform Breonna that it is important for her to maintain a diet rich in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be metabolized to form a high-energy compound called _____.

Answer 30

ATP

Question 31

(matching) 3 things that describe a cell

Answer 31

Came from last ancestor Always have plasma membrane May have a cell wall

Question 32

(matching) 3 things that describe a virus

Answer 32

Genome may have exclusively RNA Are obligated Parasites Outer layer is predominantly protein

Question 33

(matching) what is it? and 1 fact

Answer 33

Eukaryote Contains a nucleus and other membrane- bound organelles

Question 34

(matching) what is it? and 2 facts

Answer 34

bacteria / Archaea Cell types that lacks nucleus Ten times smaller than other cellular microbes (1-10 μm)

Question 35

(matching) what is it? and 2 facts

Answer 35

Virus Acellular particle Smallest microbe (10-200 nm)

Question 36

Technology that applies the power of microbes toward the manufacture of industrial products, foods, and drugs

Answer 36

Biotechnology

Question 37

Newer technology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Answer 37

Genetic Engineering

Question 38

Process that involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

Answer 38

Bioremediation

Question 39

These molecules were first identified in the 2000s, and appear to play critical roles in regulating what happens in the cell.

Answer 39

Small RNA

Question 40

This is a technique developed in the 1980s to make mass copies of DNA for study.

Answer 40

PCR

Question 41

Discovered by Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber, and Hamilton Smith in the 1970s, these "molecular scissors" cut DNA in a controlled manner.

Answer 41

Restriction enzymes

Question 42

In the 2010s and beyond, this provided detailed information about the microorganisms that live on or in our bodies.

Answer 42

HMP

Question 43

Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by microorganisms

Answer 43

All of these choices have microbial involvement

Question 44

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered ______.

Answer 44

a theory

Question 45

Based on the infographic above, which of the following statements are true?

Answer 45

Less than half of the world's mortality is due to infectious diseases. Worldwide, more deaths are due to noninfectious diseases than infectious diseases. The number of deaths due to infectious disease is lower in the United States than other parts of the world.

Question 46

Analyzing the table above, which of the following statements are true?

Answer 46

Worldwide, close to six million people die of infectious diseases every year. Influenza and pneumonia are major causes of death in the United States and worldwid More people in the United States die from diseases attributed to lifestyle than diseases attributed to infectious agents.

Question 47

Review the table below, and choose the statements that are correct regarding the top causes of death by disease.

Answer 47

Respiratory illness is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease both in the United States and worldwide. Across the globe, respiratory infections will kill almost half as many individuals as heart disease. In the United States, the percentage of deaths by infectious disease is lower than the percentage of deaths by infectious disease worldwide.

Question 48

Good luck