chapter 3/4 done Flashcards by Jordynn Brunette

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

move in response to a chemical

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The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell’s _______.

wall

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Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

Crystal violet–iodine–alcohol/acetone–safranin

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If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

cell wall

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A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _______.

Mycobacterium

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All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

Inclusions

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Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

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Gram-negative bacteria _______.

are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms

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The most immediate result of destruction of a cell’s ribosomes would be ________.

protein synthesis would stop

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The bacterial chromosome ________.

is part of the nucleoid

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The function of bacterial endospores is ________.

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

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Endospores are ________.

All of the choices are correct.

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Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Tetrad

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Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

Palisade

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If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells.

Staphylococcus

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Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt. This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n) _______.

Halophile

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Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells?

Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells.

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the movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical stimulus is _________.

Chemotaxis

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Choose the component that provides for a stronger cell wall structure in gram-positive cells as compared to gram-negative cells.

Thick peptidoglycan layer

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A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev

(NCLEX) The specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev

(NCLEX) Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a colorless ring around each of the spherical cells against a dark background. This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s)?

A capsule

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A 3-year-old patient presents to the ER after a sudden onset of high fev

(NCLEX) The RN provides education for the family about the laboratory findings. Which of the following statements correctly describes the medical importance of a bacterial capsule?

A capsule can protect a bacterium from the phagocytic activities of white blood cells, enhancing its ability to cause disease.

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A triage nurse in the ER begins the assessment of an elderly patient com

(NCLEX) Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient’s symptoms, which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection?

Stool sample

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A triage nurse in the ER begins the assessment of an elderly patient com

(NCLEX) Testing is performed on the specimen in the laboratory, including the Gram stain. This test separates bacteria into two broad classes: gram-positive and gram-negative. Which step in the staining process is the differential step, for it only acts upon one type of cell?

Decolorization with alcohol

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# A triage nurse in the ER begins the assessment of an elderly patient com (NCLEX) Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient’s stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient’s spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient’s fever?

Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever.

# A triage nurse in the ER begins the assessment of an elderly patient com (NCLEX) The provider educates the patient about his condition, based on information from the laboratory findings and clinical presentation. Later, the RN reinforces the teaching and explains why this infection may be difficult to treat with antibiotics. Which part of the cell envelope restricts the passage of many of drugs into gram-negative bacteria?

Outer membrane layer

(NCLEX) Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient’s stool. Based upon this information, which of the following accurately describes the appearance of the bacterium under magnification?

Red rods

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev (NCLEX) The laboratory report shows that a motility test was performed on the sample with positive results. Thinking about bacterial movement, the RN is aware that this bacterium could possess which structure(s) for motility?

One or more flagella

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev (NCLEX) The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used _______.

Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev The patient is diagnosed with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection, a foodborne illness. The identification of the bacterial subspecies is important for developing his treatment plan and was possible due to ________.

the analysis of antibody reactions against the pathogen

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?

All of the choices are correct.

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

Photosynthetic

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.

Mycoses

# An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 15-year-old male with sev Which is mismatched?

Plasmodium — protozoan that causes Chagas disease

All of the following are helminths except _____

.trypanosomes

Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system.

Reproductive

In humans, helminths generally infect the _____.

digestive tract

Fungal spores arise ________.

when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body

# The county public health department is notified that an organism has bee (NCLEX) The public health information flyer explains that an amoeba is which type of microorganism

A eukaryotic protozoan

# The county public health department is notified that an organism has bee (NCLEX) Which type(s) of eukaryotic organisms can cause infections in humans?

Helminths, fungi, and protozoans

# The county public health department is notified that an organism has bee (NCLEX) At the lakeside, public health officials post signs warning the public to avoid swimming in the lake. Acanthamoeba and other protozoa are able to enter a resting state when environmental conditions are unfavorable. This stage of the life cycle is called a(n) _____.

Cyst

# The county public health department is notified that an organism has bee (NCLEX) The public health team informs the community that Acanthamoeba may be transmitted in which stage(s) of its life cycle?

Trophozoite and encystment

# An RN begins his shift in the infusion center at the local oncology cent (NCLEX) After staining, the specimen is inspected. The laboratory technician identifies single-celled organisms that possess a nucleus, and many of them are undergoing the process of budding. Based on this finding, it is most likely that the patient is suffering from an infection caused by a ______.

Fungus

# An RN begins his shift in the infusion center at the local oncology cent (NCLEX) In the specimen, it is noted that some of the cells are producing filamentous structures called hyphae. The RN educates the patient about the microscopic analysis. A term referring to the ability of a yeast able to exist in either yeast or hyphal form is _____.

Dimorphic

# An RN begins his shift in the infusion center at the local oncology cent (NCLEX) The RN suspects the patient is suffering from oral candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, and knows that treatment may require drugs that produce toxic side effects. Which of the following statements explains why drugs used to treat this type of infection can be toxic to humans?

Antifungals target eukaryotic structures seen in both Candida albicans and human cells.

# An RN at an elementary school notices a second grade female scratching a The RN explains to the patient’s mother that Enterobius vermicularis is a helminth. He explains that disease-causing helminths are ________.

primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract

# An RN at an elementary school notices a second grade female scratching a (NCLEX) Pinworm is characterized as which type of helminth?

Nematode

# An RN at an elementary school notices a second grade female scratching a (NCLEX) The RN explains the pinworm life cycle to the student’s mother. Which of the following statements by the mother demonstrates a need for further education and reinforcement of the nurse’s teaching?

Pinworm is transmitted through droplets in the air.

# An RN at an elementary school notices a second grade female scratching a Most helminths are macroscopic, yet they are studied in the field of microbiology. This classification is due to the fact that during their lifecycle, they may produce which microscopic structures?

Eggs or larvae

# An RN at an elementary school notices a second grade female scratching a The RN educates the student’s mother that anal scratching, followed by putting the fingers in the mouth, may allow the pinworm infection to persist in the host. Which of the following terms best describes this phenomenon?

Reinfection

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ______.

All of the choices are correct.

The cytoskeleton ________.

All of the choices are correct.

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

Dimorphic

Choose the statement that correctly describes the major difference between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes

Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?

Movement

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

cell wall

Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?

in kingdom Protista

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

Fimbriae

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

cell walls

Plasmids ________.

are often the site of pathogenic genes

Label 1, 2, 3

1. external 2. boundary 3. internal

Label 4-7

4. fimbriae 5.glycocalyx 6. cell wall 7. ribosomes

Label 1-3