CHAPTER 1 Essential Ideas

Question 1

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value

Answer 1

accuracy

Question 2

smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical combination

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

unit of temperature; water freezes at 0C and boils at 100C on this scale

Answer 3

Celsius(*C)`

Question 4

change producing a different kind of matter from the original kind of matter

Answer 4

chemical change

Question 5

behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

Answer 5

chemical property

Question 6

study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter

Answer 6

chemistry

Question 7

pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more elements

Answer 7

compound

Question 8

volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly 1 cm

Answer 8

cubic centimeter (cm^3 or cc)

Question 9

SI unit of volume

Answer 9

cubic meter (m^3)

Question 10

ratio of mass to volume for a substance or object

Answer 10

density

Question 11

(also, factor-label method) versatile mathematical approach that can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculations involving several different quantities

Answer 11

dimensional analysis

Question 12

substance that is composed of a single type of atom; a substance that cannot be decomposed by a chemical change

Answer 12

element

Question 13

number derived by counting or by definition

Answer 13

exact number

Question 14

property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance

Answer 14

extensive property

Question 15

unit of temperature; water freezes at 32 *F and boils at 212 *F on this scale

Answer 15

Fahrenheit

Question 16

state in which matter has neither definite volume nor shape

Answer 16

gas

Question 17

combination of substances with a composition that varies from point to point

Answer 17

heterogeneous mixture

Question 18

(also, solution) combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout

Answer 18

homogeneous mixture

Question 19

tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Answer 19

hypothesis

Question 20

property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance

Answer 20

intensive property

Question 21

SI unit of temperature; 273.15 K = 0 *C

Answer 21

kelvin (K)

Question 22

standard SI unit of mass; 1 kg = approximately 2.2 pounds

Answer 22

kilogram (kg)

Question 23

statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations, and describes or predicts some aspect of the natural world

Answer 23

law

Question 24

when matter converts from one type to another or changes form, there is no detectable change in the total amount of matter present

Answer 24

law of conservation of matter

Question 25

measure of one dimension of an object

Answer 25

length

Question 26

state of matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape

Answer 26

liquid

Question 27

(also, cubic decimeter) unit of volume; 1 L = 1,000 cm^3

Answer 27

liter (L)

Question 28

realm of everyday things that are large enough to sense directly by human sight and touch

Answer 28

macroscopic domain

Question 29

fundamental property indicating amount of matter

Answer 29

mass

Question 30

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 30

matter

Question 31

standard metric and SI unit of length; 1 m = approximately 1.094 yards

Answer 31

meter (m)

Question 32

realm of things that much too small to be sensed directly

Answer 32

microscopic domain

Question 33

1/1,000 of a liter; equal to 1 cm^3

Answer 33

mililiter(mL)

Question 34

matter that can be separated into its components by physical means

Answer 34

mixture

Question 35

bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Answer 35

molecule

Question 36

change in the state or properties of matter that does not involve a change in its chemical composition

Answer 36

physical change

Question 37

characteristic of matter that is not associated with any change in its chemical composition

Answer 37

physical property

Question 38

gaseous state of matter containing a large number of electrically charged atoms and/or molecules

Answer 38

plasma

Question 39

how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

Answer 39

precision

Question 40

homogeneous substance that has a constant composition

Answer 40

pure substance

Question 41

procedure used to ensure that calculated results properly reflect the uncertainty in the measurements used in the calculation

Answer 41

rounding

Question 42

path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory

Answer 42

scientific method

Question 43

SI unit of time

Answer 43

second (s)

Question 44

standards fixed by international agreement in the International System of Units (Le Systeme International d'Unites)

Answer 44

SI units (International System of Units)

Question 45

(also, significant digits) all of the measured digits in a determination, including the uncertain last digit

Answer 45

significant figures

Question 46

state of matter that is rigid, has a definite shape, and has a fairly constant volume

Answer 46

solid

Question 47

specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains, such as chemical symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, graphs, drawings, and calculations

Answer 47

symbolic domain

Question 48

intensive property representing the hotness or coldness of matter

Answer 48

temperature

Question 49

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanation of a particular aspect of nature

Answer 49

theory

Question 50

estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value

Answer 50

uncertainty

Question 51

standard of comparison for measurements

Answer 51

unit

Question 52

ratio of equivalent quantities expressed with different units; used to convert from one unit to a different unit

Answer 52

unit conversion factor

Question 53

amount of space occupied by an object

Answer 53

volume

Question 54

force that gravity exerts on an object

Answer 54

weight