Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P-AP Biology > Chapter 1 Exploring Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Exploring Life Flashcards

0
Q

Charles Darwin’s book On the origin of species by means of natural selection articulates what two main points?

A

A large amount of evidence supports the idea of evolution, that species today are descendants of ancestral species in what Darwin called “descent with modification”
Natural selection is a mechanism for evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystem

A

Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and it’s physical environment

A

Ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A group of individuals belonging to one species and living in the geographic area

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An individual living thing,such as bacterium, fungus, protist, plant, or animal

A

Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A group of organs that work together in performing viral body functions

A

Organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A specialized structure composed of several different types of tissues that together form specific functions

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can a cell do?

A 
Regulate it's internal environment 
Take in and use energy 
Respond to its environment 
Develop and maintain its complex organization
Give rise to new cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure or both

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

A

Organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains bacteria and Archaea

A

Prokaryotic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles.

A

Eukaryotic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Natural selection was inferred by connecting what two observations?

A

Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are passed on from parents to offspring
A population can produce far more than the environment can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All organisms except what have eukaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria, Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

New properties that arise in each step upward in the hierarchy of life

A

Emergent Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the level at which the properties of life emerge?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do all cells have?

A

Enclosed by a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between the cell and it’s surroundings and use DNA as their genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What acts as recyclers, changing complex matter into simpler mineral nutrients?

A

Decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two basic types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus containing DNA and are found in plants, animals, and fungi

A

Eukaryotic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Systems biology models what?

A

The complex interactions of biological systems ranging from the function of the biosphere to the complex molecular machinery of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cells illustrate what other theme in biology

A

The correlation of structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Were the first to evolve
Are simpler
Are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Living organisms interact with who and what in their environments

A

Other organisms and physical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The unit of inheritance that transmits information from parents to offspring
Grouped into very long DNA molecules called chromosomes
Control the activities of a cell

A

Genes

27
Q

A species’ genes are coded in what?

A

The sequences of the four building blocks making up DNA’s double helix

28
Q

What are the producers that provide the food?

A

Plants

29
Q

Who eats plants and other animals?

A

Consumers

30
Q

The diversity of life can be arranged into what?

A

Three domains

31
Q

The dynamics of ecosystems include what two major processes?

A
  1. ) The recycling of chemical nutrients from the atmosphere and soil through producers, consumers and decomposes back to the environment
  2. ) The one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem, entering as sunlight, converted to chemical energy by producers, passed on to consumers, and exiting as heat
32
Q

Human-caused environmental changes are powerful selective forces that affect the evolution of many species including what?

A

Antibiotic-resistance bacteria
Pesticide-resistant pests
Endangered species
Increasing rates of extinction

33
Q

The unity of life is based on what?

A

DNA and a common genetic code

35
Q

Scientific research benefits from what?

A

New technologies

36
Q

What is the chemical substance of genes?

A

DNA

36
Q

The size that stretches from molecules to the biosphere

A

Vertical dimension

37
Q

All forms of life essentially use what to do what?

A

The same code to translate the stored information into proteins

38
Q

What are the 4 letters that make up the DNA code?

A

ACTG

39
Q

We can think of biology’s scope as having what?

A

Two dimensions

40
Q

The prokaryotes that often live in Earth’s extreme environments

A

Archaea

41
Q

Spans across the great diversity of organisms existing now and over the long history of life on Earth

A

Horizontal dimension

42
Q

Evolutionary theory is useful in what?

A

Medicine
Agriculture
Forensics
Conservation

43
Q

What is the hallmark of life?

A

Diversity

44
Q

Biologists have identified about how many species?

A

1.8 million species

45
Q

Have eukaryotic cells and include single-called protests and multicellular fungi, animals, and plants

A

Eukarya

46
Q

Estimates of the actual number of species ranges from?

A

10 to 100 million species

47
Q

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

48
Q

What explains the unity and diversity of life?

A

Evolution

50
Q

Evolution accounts for life’s dual nature of what?

A

Kinship and diversity

51
Q

Scientist use what to draw general conclusions from many observations.

A

Inductive reasoning

52
Q

In 1859, Charles Darwin published what?

A

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

53
Q

How is a theory different from a hypothesis?

A

A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis, usually general enough to generate many new, specific hypotheses, which can be tested. Supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence

54
Q

What is a mechanism for evolution?

A

Natural selection

55
Q

What is used to ask and answer questions about nature?

A

Scientific inquiry

56
Q

As a result of this unequal reproductive success over many generations, an increasing proportion of individuals will have what? And what will the results be?

A

The advantageous traits and the results will be evolutionary adaptation, the accumulation of favorable traits in a population over time.

57
Q

A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence

A

Theory

58
Q

Those individuals with heritable traits best-suited to the environment are more like to what?

A

Survive and reproduce than less well-suited individuals

59
Q

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data guided by inductive reasoning

A

Hypothesis

60
Q

Technological advances stem from what

A

Scientific research

61
Q

A type of logic in which generalizations are based of a large number of specific observations

A

Inductive reasoning

62
Q

What is a way of knowing?

A

Science

63
Q

Many issues facing society are related to what? Most involve what?

A

Biology and our expanding technology

64
Q

An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested

A

Controlled experiment

64
Q

The word science is derived from a Latin verb meaning what?

A

To know

P-AP Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions