Chapter 1: Exploring Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Minority Groups (definiton)

Answer 1

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant or majority group

Question 2

Five characteristics of a minority/subordinate group?

Answer 2

1. Unequal Treatment:
2. Distinguishing physical or cultural traits
3. Involuntary Membership
4. Awareness of subordination
5. In-group Marriages

Question 3

Four types of minority groups

Answer 3

1. Race
2. Ethnicity
3. Religion
4. Gender

Question 4

Colorism

Answer 4

The ranking or judging of individuals based on skin tone.

Question 5

Biological Race

Answer 5

The mistaken notion of a genetically isolated human group

Question 6

Eugenics

Answer 6

The belief that human genetic quality can be improved by selective breeding

Question 7

IQ

Answer 7

The ratio of one’s mental age to their chronological age, multiplied by 100, with 100 representing average intelligence and higher scores representing greater intelligence.

Question 8

Racism

Answer 8

The doctrine of racial supremacy that sees one race as superior to another

Question 9

Racial Formation

Answer 9

A sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.

Question 10

Name and define the ways in which subordinate groups can emerge

Answer 10

1. Migration: The general term used to describe any transfer of population
2. Annexation: Incorporating or attaching contiguous land to an existing nation
3. Colonialism: The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over people by foreign power for an extended period.
4. Emigration: (by emigrants) means leaving a country to settle in another country
5. Immigration: (by immigrants) denotes coming into the new country.

Question 11

The six possible consequences of a subordinate status

Answer 11

1. Extermination
2. Expulsion
3. Secession
4. Segregation
5. Fusion
6. Assimilation

Question 12

Extermination

Answer 12

1. Genocide: The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation
2. Ethnic Cleansing: The forced deportation of people, accompanied by systematic violence, including death

Question 13

Expulsion

Answer 13

Dominant groups may choose to force a specific subordinate group to leave certain areas or even vacate a country.

Example: Roma from France

Question 14

Secession

Answer 14

Leaving a country to form a separate country.

Example: partition of india

Question 15

Segregation

Answer 15

The physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions

Example: United States

Question 16

Fusion

Answer 16

Occurs when a minority and a majority group combine to form a new group.

Question 17

Amalgamation (fusion)

Answer 17

The process by which a dominant group and subordinate group combine through intermarriage into a new people

Question 18

Melting Pot (fusion)

Answer 18

In which diverse racial or ethnic groups form a new creation, a new cultural entity

Question 19

Assimilation

Answer 19

The process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and is eventually accepted as part of that group.

Example: The Civil Rights Act

Question 20

Assimilation takes longer to happen because of these 5 factors:

Answer 20

1. The differences between the minority and the majority are large
2. The majority is not receptive, or the minority retains its own culture
3. The minority group arrives over a short period of time
4. The minority-group residents are concentrated rather than dispersed.
5. The arrival is recent, and the homeland is accessible.

Question 21

Relational Assimilation

Answer 21

How the lives of a nation’s people have changed due to the presence of immigrants.

Question 22

Pluralism

Answer 22

Mutual respect for one another’s culture, a respect that allows minorities to express their own culture without suffering prejudice or discrimination

Question 23

3 Ways Resistance and Change can occur

Answer 23

1. Afro-centric perspective
2. Eurocentrism
3. Intersectionality

Question 24

Afro-centric perspective

Answer 24

Focuses on the cultural, historical, and psychological significance of African and African-American experiences

Question 25

Eurocentrism

Answer 25

Describes a tendency to view the world from a European or Western perspective, often with the implication that Europe or the West is superior to other cultures

Question 26

Intersectionality

Answer 26

The overlapping and interdependent system of advantage and disadvantage that positions people in society on the basis of race, class, gender, and other characteristics.