Chapter 4: Immigration

Question 1

World Systems Theory

Answer 1

The view of the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor

Question 2

Chain Immigration

Answer 2

Immigrants sponsor several other immigrants who, on their arrival, may sponsor still more

Question 3

Patterns of Immigration to the United States (Two unmistakable truths)

Answer 3

1. The immigrants, whatever their motivation, settled in an area occupied by indigenous people.
2. The accounts of immigration do not include enslaved people

Question 4

Immigration to the U.S. has three unmistakable patterns

Answer 4

1. The number of immigrants has fluctuated dramatically over time, primarily because of government policy changes
2. Settlement has not been uniform across the country, but centered in specific regions or cities
3. Immigrants’ countries of origin have changed over time.

Question 5

Xenophobia

Answer 5

The fear or hatred of strangers or people from other countries led to

Question 6

Nativism

Answer 6

Beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants

Question 7

Sinophobes

Answer 7

People who fear anything associated with China

Question 8

Challenges the Anti-Chinese movement faced

Answer 8

Convincing people that the negative consequences of unrestricted Chinese immigration outweigh any possible economic gain

Question 9

Three factors of the Quota System

Answer 9

1. Quotas were deliberately weighted to favor immigration from northern Europe.
2. The quota for each nation was set at 3 percent of the number of people descended from each nationality recorded in the 1920 census.
3. Any English person, regardless of skill and whether related to anyone already in the United States, could enter the country with ease.

Question 10

What did the Immigration and Nationality Act do?

Answer 10

Abandoned the national origin system in 1965

Question 11

What were the two primary goals of the Immigration and Nationality Act?

Answer 11

1. Reunite families
2. Protect the American Labor Market

Question 12

The six continuing criticisms related to US immigration policy:

Answer 12

1. The brain drain
2. Population growth
   3 Mixed-status families
3. English language acquisition
4. Economic impact
5. Undocumented immigration

Question 13

The Brain Drain

Answer 13

The immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries

Question 14

Replacement Theory:

Answer 14

A white supremacist ideology. It argues that White Americans and Europeans are being actively replaced by people of color through immigration.

Question 15

Mixed Status

Answer 15

Families in which one or more members are noncitizens

Question 16

Mixed Status emerges in two levels:

Answer 16

1. Marco Level
2. Micro Level

Question 17

Mixed Status (Marco Level):

Answer 17

When policy debates are made about issues that seem clear to many people

Question 18

Mixed Status (Micro Level)

Answer 18

The daily toll on members of mixed-status households is considerable

Question 19

Bilingualism

Answer 19

The use of two or more languages in places of work or educational facilities accords each language equal legitimacy.

Question 20

Bilingual Education

Answer 20

Instruct children in their native language, while gradually introducing them to the language of the dominant society.

Question 21

Bicultural

Answer 21

Teaches children about the culture of both linguistic groups

Question 22

Remittance

Answer 22

The money that immigrants send back to their countries of origin

Question 23

Dreamers

Answer 23

Undocumented immigrants who were brought to the United States as children

Question 24

Sanctuary Cities

Answer 24

Areas in which local law-enforcement officers do not actively hand over illegal immigrants to federal enforcement agents

Question 25

Naturalization

Answer 25

The conferring of citizenship on a person after birth

Question 26

The five requirements to be naturalized in the United States

Answer 26

1. Be 18 years of age 2. Have continuously resided in the United States for at least five years (three years for the spouse of a U.S. citizen) 3. Good moral character is determined by the absence of convictions for selected criminal offenses. 4. Be able to read, write, speak, and understand words of ordinary usage in the English language 5. Pass a test in US government and history, administered orally in English

Question 27

Amnesty

Answer 27

a pardon granted by a government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense

Question 28

Globalization

Answer 28

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade, the movement of people, and the exchange of ideas

Question 29

Transnationals

Answer 29

Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and settlement

Question 30

Transnationals are an example of this type of discrimination:

Answer 30

pluralism

Question 31

Refugees

Answer 31

People who live outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or religious persecution

Question 32

Asylees

Answer 32

People from other countries who have already entered the United States and now seek protection because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution

Question 33

Persecution of asylees can be caused by these five factors:

Answer 33

1. race 2. religion, 3. nationality, 4. membership in a particular social group, 5. or political opinion

Question 34

Environmental Refugees

Answer 34

People forced to leave their communities because of natural disasters or the effects of climate change and global warming