Chapter 1 foundations of epi

Question 1

What are the six dimensions of health?

Answer 1

Physical, social, mental, emotional, spiritual, and environmental

Question 2

What is epidemiology ?

Answer 2

The study of distribution & determinants related states or events in human populations & application

Question 3

Why is Epidemiology the foundation of Public Health?

Answer 3

Because of its central role in carrying out 3 core public health functions

Question 4

Epidemiology uses _____ to describe and analyze health-related states or events?

Answer 4

Scientific Method

Question 5

Case definition

Answer 5

Standard criteria of diagnosis

Question 6

The first disease case in the population is the ?

Answer 6

Primary case

Question 7

The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist is the ?

Answer 7

Index Case

Question 8

_________ ______ is those persons who become infected & ill after a disease has been introduced into a population & who become infected from contact with primary case

Answer 8

Secondary Case

Question 9

Known Epidemiology triangle for Infectious Disease

Question 10

____ is the cause of the disease?

Answer 10

Agent

Question 11

________ is an organism, usually a human or animal that harbors disease

Answer 11

Host

Question 12

___________ includes those surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission

Answer 12

Environment

Question 13

_____ accounts for incubation periods, life expectancy of the host or the pathogen, and duration of the course of the illness or conditions

Answer 13

Time

Question 14

How can an epidemic be stopped?

Answer 14

When one of the elements of the triangle is interfered with altered, changed or removed from existence

Question 15

Formites

Answer 15

Non living obj

Question 16

Vector

Answer 16

An invertebrate animal capable of transmitting infectious agent among vertebrates

Question 17

Reservoir

Answer 17

The habitat (living or non living) on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiples, and is dependent on for its survival in nature

Question 18

Zoonosis

Answer 18

When an animal transmits a disease to human

Question 19

_______ ______ direct physical contact such as touching with contaminated hands, skin to skin, kissing, sexual intercourse

Answer 19

Direct transmission

Question 20

_________ ________ occurs when pathogens or agents are transferred or carried by some intermediate, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host resulting in disease

Answer 20

Indirect Transmission

Question 21

Primary Prevention (occurs prior to exposure)

Answer 21

Immunization
Sanitation
Education
Media campaigns
warning labels

Question 22

Active primary prevention requires behavior change on part of subject

Answer 22

Wearing protective devises
Health promotion
Lifestyle changes
Community health education
Ensuring healthy condition @ home/school/work

Question 23

Passive primary prevention
( does not require behavior change)

Answer 23

Vitamin fortified foods
Fluoridation of public water supply

Question 24

Secondary prevention
( occurs to reduce progress of disease)

Answer 24

The disease already exists in person
( cancer screening, regularly screenings)

Question 25

Tertiary Prevention ( to reduce the limitation of disability from disease)

Answer 25

The disease has already occurred Physical therapy for stroke victims Halfway houses for recovering alcoholics Shelter homes for the develop disabled Fitness programs for heart attack patients