Chapter 1 functional groups Flashcards
(63 cards)
Acyl group
COR- group
Acetyl group
CH3CO- group
Alcohol
Compound with an -OH bonded to a saturated, Allan’s like carbon
Aldehyde
A compound’ containing the -CHO functional group.
Anti conformation
The geometric arrangement around a carbon-carbon single bond in which the two largest substituents are 180° apart as viewed in a Newman projection.
Antibonding orbital
A molecular orbital that is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals from which it is formed.
Arlene
An alkyl-substituted benzene. The most intense peak.
Bond angel
The angle formed between two adjacent bonds.
Bond length
The equilibrium distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are bonded to each other.
Bond strength
An alternative name for bond dissociation energy.
Bonding orbital
A molecular orbital that is lower in energy than the atomic orbitals from which it
is formed.
Carbanion
A carbon anion, or substance that contains a trivalent, negatively charged carbon atom (R3C:-). Carbanions are spa-hybridized and have eight electrons in the outer shell of the negatively charged carbon.
Carbine
A neutral substance that contains a divalent carbon atom having only six electrons in its outer shell (R2C:).
Carbocation
A carbon cation, or substance that contains a trivalent, positively charged carbon atom having six electrons in its outer shell (R3C+).
Carbohydrate
A polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone. Carbohydrates can be either simple sugars, such as glucose, or complex sugars, such as cellulose.
Carbonyl group
The C=O functional group.
Carboxylic acid
A compound containing the -COOH functional group.
Covalent bond
A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.
Degenerate orbitals
Two or more orbitals that have the same energy level.
Disulfide
A compound of the general structure RSSR’.
Electron configuration
A list of the orbitals occupied by electrons in an atom.
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond. Electronegativity increases across the periodic table from right to left and from bottom to top.
Electrophile
An “electron-lover” or substance that accepts an electron pair from a nucleophile in a polar bond-forming reaction.
Ester
A compound containing the -COOR functional group.