Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Data Representation

Question 1

What is needed to convert a file size from bytes to kb or kb to mb?

Answer 1

Divide by 1024

Question 2

What is lossless compression?

Answer 2

A form of compression that preserves data so that no data is lost. Every bit is retained

Question 3

What image file is lossless?

Answer 3

PNG, GIF

Question 4

What is bit rate?

Answer 4

The amount of bits that are processed per second

Question 5

What is lossy compression?

Answer 5

A loss in data and a loss of quality from the original. parts of the file are deleted selectively

Question 6

What is an advantage of a higher bit depth?

Answer 6

A higher sample rate, therefore a higher quality sound.

Question 7

what happens when a bitmap image is enlarged?

Answer 7

it becomes pixilated as it gets bigger

Question 8

Name an advantage of Vector images

Answer 8

1) Uses less storage

2) Better zoom quality (not pixilated)

Question 9

How do you find the colour depth?

Answer 9

2^n

Question 10

What effect will a lower sample rate have?

Answer 10

The quality will be lower

Question 11

How do you figure out how many bit combinations to get the full English keyboard (ASCCI)?

Answer 11

2^n

Question 12

What is the bit depth definition in regards to sound?

Answer 12

The amount of bits assigned to represent a sample.

Question 13

How do you find bits used using ASCII (7 bit)

Answer 13

total characters * 7 (7 bit)

Question 14

How many bytes in a terabyte (tB)?

Answer 14

1000000000000 10^12 bytes

Question 15

What is index colour?

Answer 15

A colour which has been assigned to a binary number and then pulled from the pallet

Question 16

Name two vector file types

Answer 16

AI, SVG, SWF

Question 17

Name two bitmap file types

Answer 17

GIF, PNG, JPEG, BMP

Question 18

What could a binary pattern represent?

Answer 18

On/off

Question 19

What bit depth is described as CD?

Answer 19

16

Question 20

What is the conversion method of Analouge to Digital sound waves?

Answer 20

This happens as a sound is recorded, goes into a converter (Analogue to Digital converter – ADC) and then changes to a Digital. At regular intervals, the sound will be recorded. At each measured point at the wave there will be a binary number that stores the sound.

Question 21

What is resolution?

Answer 21

The concentration of pixels (cells) in an image after it has been split

Question 22

What numbers are the control characters in ASCCI?

Answer 22

0-31 are characters like tab, enter and escape.

Question 23

What process must happen for a sound to be played back through speakers?

Answer 23

Conversion process

Question 24

How do you convert to hexadecimal?

Answer 24

Split the 8 bit binary number into two 4 bit numbers, you then you convert judging on the number headings. If your number reaches above 9 then take down a letter (A-F for 10-15). Do this on both sides, your answer should look like this: B6

Question 25

What is needed in a device for the conversion process to occur?

Answer 25

sound card

Question 26

What colour depth is described as true colour?

Answer 26

24

Question 27

What is an analogue sound wave?

Answer 27

A sound that is played, recorded and played back without loosing any data

Question 28

What is a sample rate?

Answer 28

The sample rate is the number of samples carried per second.

Question 29

What is a sample?

Answer 29

A value or a set of values at a certain point in time.

Question 30

How many combinations are needed for ASCCI?

Answer 30

128 as there is only 110 characters

Question 31

How can fffffffuuuuuuuuuuuu be represented?

Answer 31

f7u12

Question 32

How many bytes in a megabyte (mB)

Answer 32

1000000 bytes or 1000 kB

Question 33

What is a nibble?

Answer 33

4 binary bits

Question 34

How is the resolution of an image measured?

Answer 34

DPI (dots per inch) | PPI (Pixels per inch)

Question 35

What is sample rate measured in?

Answer 35

It is measured in Hz or kHz.

Question 36

Why is a digital sound wave less accurate?

Answer 36

A digital representation is less accurate as it only takes a recording at a certain interval meaning it misses out on parts of the sound.

Question 37

What audio file is lossy?

Answer 37

MP3, MP4, OGG

Question 38

What is the amplitude?

Answer 38

The height of the wave. It determines how high or low the pitch is.

Question 39

What is standard bit rate for CD quality?

Answer 39

1,411,200

Question 40

What is a right shift?

Answer 40

It is like dividing a deanery number by 10?

Question 41

What is metadata?

Answer 41

Additional information about the images resolution. This can change the orientation

Question 42

What is a byte?

Answer 42

8 binary bits

Question 43

What is a disadvantage of a higher bit rate?

Answer 43

Takes up more space

Question 44

What base is hexadecimal?

Answer 44

Base 16

Question 45

What is hexadecimal used for?

Answer 45

Error codes

Question 46

What is the process of sampling a sound called

Answer 46

Sampling

Question 47

How many bytes is in a kilobyte (kB)?

Answer 47

1000 bytes

Question 48

What is the equation for bit rate?

Answer 48

Bit depth * sample rate * number of channels (Answer in BPS)

Question 49

What is a disadvantage of a higher bit depth?

Answer 49

This creates a higher sampling rate which requires more space.

Question 50

Name an advantage of Bitmap images

Answer 50

1) Quicker to create an image | 2) Used widly

Question 51

What is 243 in binary?

Answer 51

11110011

Question 52

What is MSB (most significant but)

Answer 52

The biggest number in the binary headings bit that can fit into the number your converting.

Question 53

Name a disadvantage of Vector Images

Answer 53

1) Can not be edited at the same level of bitmap images 2) Have to write a draw list 3) Lacks photo realistic qualities

Question 54

What image file is lossy?

Answer 54

JPG

Question 55

What is an advantage of a higher bit rate?

Answer 55

1) Higher bit rate has a clearer sound playback (better quality) 2) More accurate audio

Question 56

Name a disadvantage of Bitmap Images

Answer 56

1) Large file size 2) Must be rectangular 3) Pixilated when zoomed in

Question 57

What is direct colour?

Answer 57

A colour got form a combination of RGB. Every colour can be made from this.

Question 58

What is 243 in hexadecimal?

Answer 58

F3

Question 59

What audio file is lossless?

Answer 59

FLAC, ALAC

Question 60

What is the formula to find the file size of a bitmap image?

Answer 60

Length * width * dpi * dpi *bit depth / 8 (for bytes)

Question 61

What does the LSB show on binary?

Answer 61

If the number is odd or even

Question 62

What is a left shift?

Answer 62

It is like multiplying a number by 10.

Question 63

Why do we use binary

Answer 63

It’s easy as there is only two possible answers, yes or no.

Question 64

What is compression?

Answer 64

Compression is the method computers use to make files smaller by reducing the number of bits used to store the information.

Question 65

What is a pixel?

Answer 65

A small part of an image which can be changed by using binary and a different number or cominations

Question 66

What is a vector image?

Answer 66

An image made up of mathematical sequences and commands. They are sizeable and drawn of a drawing list.

Question 67

What is LSB (least significant bit)

Answer 67

The smallest possible but, 1

Question 68

What base is binary?

Answer 68

Base 2

Question 69

What are bitmap images formed of?

Answer 69

Pixles

Question 70

How do you convert from gigabytes to megabytes?

Answer 70

Multiply by 1024