Chapter 1 - Historical And Modern Perspectives

Question 1

Behaving dysfunctionally

Answer 1

Behaviour interferes with routines, causes significant distress

Question 2

Abnormal behaviour is:

Answer 2

Inconsistent with societal, cultural, and developmental norms.
Interferes with daily functioning.
Causes emotional distress.

Question 3

Vincent Li

Answer 3

2001 began symptoms
July 2008 fired Walmart
July 30, 2008 on Greyhound obeyed auditory hallucinations to do harm - murder
Found not criminally responsible due to schizophrenia
When treated, felt remorse

Question 4

Categorical approach to abnormal behaviour

Answer 4

Do you meet diagnostic criteria?

Downside: symptoms are unique, how much symptom is enough for diagnosis?

Question 5

Dimensional approach to abnormal behaviour

Answer 5

Behaviour is constantly changing

Can be placed on continuum, quantitative criteria vs all or nothing way of thinking

Question 6

Who is most at risk for mental illness?

Answer 6

Poor, low education

Question 7

By 16, what percent children had disorder

Answer 7

36%

Question 8

Factors to consider when addressing abnormal behaviour

Answer 8

Sex, ethnicity, SES, age (chronological vs developmental maturity), education, bio changes (puberty)

Question 9

Developmental trajectory

Answer 9

Symptoms vary by age

Question 10

Downward drift

Answer 10

Impairment as a result of psych disorder

Question 11

Boys vs girls rate of psych as age

Answer 11

Rate decreases as boys enter teens, rate increases as girls enter adolescence

Question 12

Trephination

Answer 12

Create hole in skull to release evil spirits (Egypt)

Question 13

Hippocrates 460-377 BC father of medicine

Answer 13

First to identify hallucinations, delusions, melancholia, hysteria (random blindness), mania.
Most often associated with schizophrenia, somatoform disorders, mood disorders.

Question 14

Hippocrates what contribute to psych

Answer 14

Environment, physical, four humours. Yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm.
Remove patients from family.

Question 15

Galen contribution

Answer 15

Discounted wandering womb. Had psychological cause. Hysteria.

Question 16

Middle Ages - renaissance

Answer 16

Influence of church, abnormal behaviour=devil
Witchcraft, mass hysteria
Emotional contagion - automatic mimicry of everything

Question 17

Enlightenment from Middle Ages by who?

Answer 17

Johann Weyer specialized in treatment of mental illness and Paracelsus believed that mental illness could be hereditary (not demons)

Question 18

Nineteenth century moral treatment

Answer 18

Move from asylums to special facilities
More humane treatment
Respect, kindness, religion, vocation

Question 19

Founders of moral treatment

Answer 19

Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, Benjamin Rush, Dorothea Dix, Emil Kraepelin

Question 20

Mental health facilities Canada

Answer 20

Hotel Dieu Quebec 1639
Many converted jails and military barracks in 1800s
Homewood 1883 for wealthy, privately funded so residents had no control

Question 21

How many adults will have suffered from a psych in Canada

Answer 21

1/3

Question 22

SES

Answer 22

Socioeconomic status

Question 23

Psychoanalytic Freud 20th century

Answer 23

Unconscious, environmental factors, parental influence, infancy (first 5 years life), sexual urges

Question 24

Behaviourism 20th century, Pavlov and Watson

Answer 24

Pavlov dogs
Little Albert - noise bunny
Little Peter - noise bunny then desensitized by Jones
Behaviour learned and unlearned

Question 25

Structure of a neuron

Answer 25

Dendrite, soma, axon, synapse, neurotransmitter, receptor

Question 26

Biological models

Answer 26

``` Biological scarring - disorder changes brain Hereditary factors Brain malfunction or structural abnormal Viral infection theory of fetus Behavioural genetics ```

Question 27

Psychoanalysis made by

Answer 27

Freud 1856-1939

Question 28

Psychoanalysis parts of mind

Answer 28

Id (pleasure, unconscious), ego (copes with reality, both un/conscious), superego (moral restraint, guilt, both)

Question 29

Defence mechanisms

Answer 29

In psychoanalysis, used as a way to prevent or cause abnormal behaviour

Question 30

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 30

Oral, anal, phallic (mastubration 3-5 love parent), latency (ew boys), genital (mature stage) Become fixated at stage of age of negative experience

Question 31

Psychoanalysis treatment

Answer 31

Dream analysis, interpretation, free association, insight (bring unconscious material to conscious), catharsis (releasing psychic energy)

Question 32

Carl Jung

Answer 32

Modern psychoanalytic, developed analytical therapy | Believed behavioural motivators are psychological and spiritual vs sexual (Freud)

Question 33

Alfred Adler

Answer 33

Modern psychoanalytic, development of individual psychology | Sibling rivalry, birth order, inferiority complex.

Question 34

Contemporary models of psychoanalysis:

Answer 34

``` Ego psychology (increased focus on conscious motivations) Object relations theory (emotional relations with objects) ```

Question 35

Behavioural psychological model

Answer 35

We are products and producers of our environment, behaviours are learned, sometimes maladaptive as a source of coping

Question 36

Vicarious conditioning

Answer 36

Learning by observing another person

Question 37

Behaviour is learned by (behavioural theory)

Answer 37

Social learning, operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment

Question 38

Cognitive psychological model

Answer 38

Aaron Beck (1921-) Perception is our reality, how we perceive influence how we act, think, and feel Cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 39

Beck view on depression

Answer 39

Three distorted views: negative view of self, world, future

Question 40

Cognitive treatment

Answer 40

Based on changing these distorted thoughts through behavioural experiments and talk therapy

Question 41

Cog distortions: Mental filtering Reasoning emotionally Mislabelling

Answer 41

Just choosing the bad Feel bad, is bad Did bad, I am horrible

Question 42

Humanistic psychological model

Answer 42

``` Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Abnormal behaviour originates when self image and actual self are incongruent, limits ability to achieve full potential ```

Question 43

Phenomenology

Answer 43

One's worldview is more important than actual world

Question 44

Client-centred therapy (humanistic)

Answer 44

Genuineness, empathic understanding, unconditional positive regard.

Question 45

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 45

Examines all factors, systemic approach, different factors contribute to the illness as a whole.

Question 46

Diathesis stress model

Answer 46

Diathesis is bio or psych vulnerability Stress is environmental factors Combine to make distress/dysfunction results in psych disorder

Question 47

Is behaviour truly abnormal?

Answer 47

Does it cause impairment and distress impacting functioning?

Question 48

Scientist-practitioner approach

Answer 48

Look at the science and theories behind it, conduct research to guide and improve psychology

Question 49

Goodness of fit

Answer 49

Understanding behaviour in specific context

Question 50

DSM-V

Answer 50

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition Uses categorical approach

Question 51

Etiology

Answer 51

Cause

Question 52

Dementia praecox

Answer 52

Schizophrenia first identified by Kraepelin

Question 53

Operant conditioning

Answer 53

Behaviour changed by events happen afterward (punishment and reinforcement)

Question 54

What percentage Canadians meet criteria for substance abuse

Answer 54

20%

Question 55

First person to adopt occupational therapy

Answer 55

Pinel