Chapter 1: History and Approaches

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Goals of Psychology

Answer 2

Describe, explain, predict, and influence thoughts and behavior

Question 3

Basic/Pure Science

Answer 3

pursuit of knowledge through scientific methods

Question 4

Applied Science

Answer 4

Using scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

Question 5

Psychologist

Answer 5

Has a phD and helps people with problems. Often conducts research and can work in several fields

Question 6

Psychiatrist

Answer 6

Has an MD and can prescribe medication; Generally treats severe issues

Question 7

Clinical Psychologist

Answer 7

Therapist; sees people with disorders and helps to decrease their symptoms

Question 8

Counseling

Answer 8

Help with every-day problems like grief or divorce

Question 9

Educational Psychologist

Answer 9

study how people learn

Question 10

Human Factors Psychologist

Answer 10

Help companies to make products user friendly

Question 11

Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

Answer 11

Help to make employees more productive and maximize team work

Question 12

Gestalt Psychologist

Answer 12

Study perception. How a sensation becomes an organized thought

Question 13

School Psychologist

Answer 13

test for learning abnormalities and how to help

Question 14

Social Psychologist

Answer 14

Studies anything to do with multiple people, romance, teams etc

Question 15

Sports Psychologist

Answer 15

Work with athletes (get over yips)

Question 16

Developmental psychologist

Answer 16

how people change all the time and what causes this

Question 17

Experimental Psychologist

Answer 17

Conducts experiments and test hypothesis

Question 18

Socrates and Plato

Answer 18

Nature; Knowledge is innate

Question 19

Rene Descartes

Answer 19

Dualism; separate mind controls body

Question 20

Aristotle

Answer 20

Knowledge comes from experiences

Question 21

John Locke

Answer 21

Tabula Rasa

Empiricism: Knowledge comes form experience so science should rely on observation and expirimentation

Question 22

Structuralism

Answer 22

Founded by William Wundt; focused on introspection and the basic elements of the human experience

Question 23

William Wundt

Answer 23

Founder of Structuralism; had first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.

Question 24

Edward Titchner

Answer 24

William Wundt’s sudent

Question 25

William James

Answer 25

Focused of function of the mind; Taught the first Psychology class at Harvard. Wrote the first Text book of Psychology (The principle of Psychology)

Question 26

Functionalism

Answer 26

Founded by William James and focused on the function of the mind

Question 27

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 27

James's student who was refused her phD. First female president of APA.

Question 28

Biological Perspective

Answer 28

Focuses on the brain, hormones, genes and neurotransmitters as a cause of things

Question 29

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 29

Founded By John Watson, BF Skinner, and Ivan Pavlov. | Uses rewards, punishments, conditioning, environment and observational learning as reason.

Question 30

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 30

Founded by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow | Believe Humans are unique, in self actualization, potential for growth and free will

Question 31

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 31

Thoughts, mental processes, interpretation, problem solving

Question 32

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 32

Influences of Cultures, and situations; social norms and values; gender, socioeconomic status, etc.

Question 33

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 33

Founded by Darwin; | Natural selection; survival; reproduction;

Question 34

Eclectic/Biopsychosocial

Answer 34

terms used to describe the new approach to psychology that encompasses more than one perspective

Question 35

Positive Psychology

Answer 35

the scientific study of human happiness and well being | Founded by Marin Seligman