Chapter 3: Biopsychology

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

Idea that people’s behaviors and characteristics were based on the shape of their skull

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

Cell that receive chemical signals and transfer them into electrical messages and send them to the next cell

Question 3

Resting Potential

Answer 3

Neuron is positive on the outside and negative on the inside. It is polarized.

Question 4

Threshold

Answer 4

when there are enough neurotransmitters to fire

Question 5

Action Potential

Answer 5

Electrical charge that travels down the axon. Chemical gates allow + ions to enter. One gate opens like dominoes. This is called depolarization.

Question 6

All or None Law

Answer 6

either it fires or does not fire. There is no middle ground

Question 7

Neurotransmitters Sent

Answer 7

End bulbs eject vesicles of neurotransmitters across the synapse to receptor sites.

Question 8

Reuptake

Answer 8

sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters

Question 9

Refractory Period

Answer 9

time during which the neuron becomes polarized before it can fire again.

Question 10

Afferent Neurons

Answer 10

“Sensory neurons” body-> brain

Question 11

Efferent neurons

Answer 11

“motor neurons” brain -> body

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

neurons within the brain/spinal chord

Question 13

Cell Body

Answer 13

where DNA and energy is stored

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

Receive chemical messages.

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

What message travels down

Question 16

Myelin sheath

Answer 16

insulates and protects axon

Question 17

Axon Terminals

Answer 17

send out message

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

actual chemical messengers

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

Space between neruons

Question 20

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 20

muscle movement/memory

low: Alzheimers High: paralysis

Question 21

Dopamine

Answer 21

movement/alertness

low: parkinson’s high: schitzophrenia

Question 22

Endorphins

Answer 22

painkiller

runner’s high

Question 23

Serotonin

Answer 23

mood/sleep

low: depression & sleep/eating disorder

Question 24

Norepinepherine

Answer 24

arousal/alertness/ like adrenaline

low: ADD/ADHD

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

inhibatory | low:insomnia &anxiety

Question 26

Glutamate

Answer 26

Excitaty | high: migraines & siezures

Question 27

Glial Cells

Answer 27

provide support fro neurons by nourishing, removing wast and providing insulation

Question 28

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 28

on sides (in legs/arms)

Question 29

Central Nervous System

Answer 29

Brain/ spinal cord

Question 30

Automatic NS

Answer 30

controls self regulated actions of internal organs and glands

Question 31

Somatic NS

Answer 31

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 32

Sympathetic NS

Answer 32

Fight or flight

Question 33

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 33

calming

Question 34

Endocrine system

Answer 34

hormone system that involves glands throughout the body.

Question 35

EEG

Answer 35

measures electrical waves. mostly used for sleep studies

Question 36

CT Scans

Answer 36

uses x-rays to show the Brain structure

Question 37

PET Scan

Answer 37

involves injecting radioactive solution into the blood. When the fluid is absorbed by the brain cells we can see the activity

Question 38

MRI

Answer 38

creates a highly detailed picture using electromagnetic signals. Can see brain from every angle.

Question 39

fMRI

Answer 39

allows you to see structure and activity together

Question 40

Lesion

Answer 40

destroyed part of the brain. The results help us to understand what that part of the brain does

Question 41

Neuroplasticity

Answer 41

brain's ability to change

Question 42

Cerebellum

Answer 42

coordination and balance

Question 43

Medulla

Answer 43

life support system/ breathing and heartrate

Question 44

Pons

Answer 44

sleep and relaxation

Question 45

RAS

Answer 45

attention and allertness

Question 46

Brain stem

Answer 46

consists of Medulla RAS and Pons

Question 47

Thalamus

Answer 47

sensory switchboard | sends information where it needs to go

Question 48

Hypothalamus

Answer 48

master regulator; it controls hunger, thirst, etc.

Question 49

Pituitary Gland

Answer 49

Master gland; tells other glands what to do

Question 50

Amygdala

Answer 50

emotional center; mostly fear and agression

Question 51

Hippocampus

Answer 51

memory formation

Question 52

Limbic System

Answer 52

amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus