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DHO Health Science > Chapter 1: History and Trends of Health care > Flashcards

Chapter 1: History and Trends of Health care Flashcards

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1
Q

Primitive Times: what did they use to treat illness?

A

Witch doctors, ceremonies and herbs and plants

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2
Q

Ancient Egyptians: who treated people as physicians?

A

priests who studied medicine and surgery

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3
Q

Ancient Egyptians: how did they treat illness

A

called upon the gods, used magic, used medicinal plants, and used bloodletting & leeches to open “clogged” channels,

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4
Q

Ancient Egyptians: what was their belief of the body anatomy?

A

the body was a system of air, tears, blood, urine, sperm and feces

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5
Q

Primitive Times: what was their belief of illness?

A

cause of the supernatural

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6
Q

Ancient Chinese: what did they use to treat illness?

A

accupuncture and moxibustion

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7
Q

Ancient Chinese: what did they believe was important to wellness?

A

curing the spirit and nourishing the body

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8
Q

ancient chinese: did they allow dissection? why or why not?

A

they did not because of religious purposes

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9
Q

ancient greeks: what did they begin?

A

modern science

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10
Q

ancient greeks: what did they use to treat illness?

A

art therapy, massage and herbal treatment

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11
Q

ancient greeks: what did they believe was important to wellness?

A

diet and cleanliness

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12
Q

who is Hippocrates?

A

an ancient Greek, the father of medicine

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13
Q

what did Hippocrates do?

A

made a method to observe the body, recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases, and created the Oath of Hippocrates

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14
Q

what did Alcmaeon do and which era was he from?

A

identify the brain as the physiological site of the senses - from ancient greek

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15
Q

who is Aristotle

A

an ancient Greek, founder of comparative anatomy

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16
Q

what did Aristotle do?

A

dissect animals

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17
Q

which ancient civilization was the first to organize medical care?

A

the ancient romans

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18
Q

what was the first organized medical care used for?

A

injured soldiers, hospitals

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19
Q

which ancient civilization first made hospitals

A

the ancient romans

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20
Q

what was the ancient romans the first to make?

A

medical care, hospitals, and public health sanitation systems

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21
Q

which ancient civilization began public health sanitation systems?

A

the ancient romans

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22
Q

what did Claudius Galen do and which era was he from?

A

establish 4 humours belief, described inflammation, studied infectious diseases, and with dissection determined the muscle, kidney and bladder - from ancient roman

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23
Q

what was the belief Claudius Galen established?

A

the body was regulated by 4 fluids/humours: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. When there was an imbalance in these fluids, illness is caused

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24
Q

ancient romans: what did they use to treat diseases?

A

diet, exercise and medicine

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25
what happened in the dark ages?
the study of medicine was prohibited
26
what did they use to treat illness in the dark ages
prayer and herbal mixtures
27
what happened in the middle ages?
medicine practice renewed, knowledge acquired at medicine universities, requirement of passing exams and receiving a license for healthcare, arab used chemical knowledge for pharmacology,
28
which diseases occurred in the middle ages?
the bubonic plague/black death, smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria
29
who is Rhazes (al-razi)
Middle Ages arab physician, the Arab Hippocrates
30
what is Rhazes (alrazi) do?
diagnosed based on signs and symptoms, develop criteria for distinguishing smallpox vs measles, suggested blood was cause of many infectious diseases, began use of animal gut for suture material
31
what did Avenzoar do and which era was he from?
described scabies' parasite - from the Middles ages
32
what was the Renaissance known as
the rebirth of science of medicine
33
what happened in the renaissance
dissection of human body allowed better understanding of anatomy and physiology, the First chairs of medicine created at Oxford and Cambridge, printing press and books allowed spread of medical knowledge, first anatomy and dietics books published
34
what did Michael Servetus do and what era was he from?
describe the circulatory system in lungs (respiratory system), and explained how digestion was a source of body heat - from the renaissance
35
what did Roger Bacan do and what era was he from?
promote chemical remedies for diseases, and research about optics and refraction - from the renaissance
36
what happened in the 16th and 17th centuries
more unclarified disease deaths, first successful animal blood transfusion, scientific societies established, apothecaries made, prescribed and sold medication
37
who is Ambroise Paré
a French Surgeon of the 16th century, the father of modern surgery
38
what did Ambroise Paré do
established use of ligature to bind arteries and stop bleeding to eliminate use of boiling oil for closing wounds, improved treatment of fractures, and promoted artificial limbs
39
what did Gabriel Fallopius do and which era was he from?
identify the female fallopian tubes and described tympanic membrane of the ear - from the 16th century
40
what did William Harvey do and which era was he from?
described blood circulation of the heart in 1628 - from the 16th and 17th centuries
41
what did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do and which era was he from?
invented the microscope in 1666 - from the 17th century
42
what did Gabriel Fahrenheit do and which era was he from?
created the mercury thermometer in 1714 - from the 18th century
43
what did Joseph Priestly do and which era was he from?
discovered the element oxygen in 1774 - from the 18th century
44
who is Joseph Hunter?
an English surgeon from the 18th century
45
what did Joseph Hunter do?
establish surgical procedures, introduce tube feeding in 1778
46
what did Benjamin Franklin do and which era was he from?
invented bifocals for glasses - from the 18th century
47
what did Jesse Bennett do and which era was he from?
performed first successful cesarean operation to deliver a baby - from the 18th century
48
what did James Lind do and which era was he from?
prescribed vitamin C lime juice to prevent scurvy - from the 18th century
49
what did Edward Jenner do and which era was he from?
developed smallpox vaccine - from 18th century
50
what happened in the 19th century?
French barbers acted as surgeons (by extracting teeth, using leeches and giving enemas), federal vaccination legislation, American associations formed and had conventions etc, Redcross founded, cholera pandemic, gnorrhea and leprosy bacteria indentified
51
what did René Laennec do and which era was he from?
invented the stethoscope - from 19th century
52
what did Philippe Pinel do and which era was he from?
began humane mental illness treatment - from 19th century
53
what did Theodor Fliedner do and which era was he from?
began nurse training program - from 19th century
54
what did Ignaz Semmelweis do and which era was he from?
unsuccessfully encouraged handwashing with lime - from 19th century
55
what did William Morton do and which era was he from?
used ether as an anesthetic - from 19th century
56
what did James Simpson do and which era was he from?
used chloroform as an anesthetic - from 19th century
57
who is Elizabeth Blackwell?
the first female physician in the US- from the 19th century
58
what did Elizabeth Blackwell do?
started first women's med college
59
who is Florence Nightingle?
founder of modern nursing from the 19th century
60
what did Florence Nightingle do?
established efficient and sanitary nursing units during Crimean War, and opened Nightingle School and Home for Nurses
61
who is Dorothea Dix?
Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Army from the 19th century
62
what did Joseph Lister do and which era was he from?
used disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery - from 19th century
63
who is Elizabeth Garett Anderson?
first female physician in Britain, member of the BMA - from the 19th century
64
who is Paul Ehrlich?
a German bacteriologist from the 19th century
65
what did Paul Ehrlich do?
develop method to detect & differ diseases, made theories of immunity, use chemicals to remove microorganisms
66
what did Francis Clarke do and which era was he from?
patented 1st electrical hearing aid with M.G. Foster - from 19th century
67
what did M.G. Foster do and which era was he from?
patented 1st electrical hearing aid with Francis Clarke - from 19th century
68
what did Clara Barton do and which era was she from?
founded the American Red Cross - from 19th century
69
who is Robert Koch?
second father of microbiology from the 19th century
70
what did Robert Koch do?
develop the culture plate method to identify pathogens, isolated tuberculosis
71
what did Louis Pasteur do and which era was he from?
discovered mircroorganisms cause disease and that pasteurizing milk kills bacteria, and made vaccine for rabies - from 19th century
72
what did Gregory Mendel do and which era was he from?
developed principles of heredity and discovered dominant patterns - from 19th century
73
what did Dimitri Ivanofski do and which era was he from?
discovered viruses - from 19th century
74
what did Lillian Wald do and which era was she from?
started the Henry Street Settlement, which was the start of public health nursing - from 19th century
75
what did Emile Roux do and which era was she from?
developed diphtheria vaccine - from 19th century
76
what did Wilhelm Roentgen do and which era was he from?
made roentgenograms (x-rays) - from 19th century
77
what did Bayer do and which era was he from?
introduced powdered aspirin - from 19th century
78
what happened in the 20th century?
use of new machines to view body, many new developed medicine
79
what did Francis Crick do and which era is he from?
describe structure of DNA and how it carries genetic info w/ James Watson - from 20th century
80
what did James Watson do and which era is he from?
describe structure of DNA and how it carries genetic info w/ Francis Crick - from 20th century
81
alternative therapies
treatment method used in place of biomedical therapies
82
complementary therapies
treatment method used in conjunction with biomedical therapies
83
cost containment
procedures used to control costs/expenses
84
diagnostic related groups (DRG)
method of classifying diagnoses into specific payment or reimbursement categories
85
energy conservation
process for managing fatigue in which you prioritize goals and time use by simplifying tasks and organization to make max efficiency
86
geriatric care
healthcare for the elderly
87
holistic health care
care promoting physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual well-being
88
home health care
any care provided in a patient's home
89
integrative health care
integration of mainstream treatments, alternative therapies and complementary therapies to treat patient
90
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
federal law for education and testing of nursing assistants
91
outpatient services
care for a patient who does not stay in a hospital overnight
92
pandemic
a worldwide epidemic
93
telemedicine
health care through video, audio and computer systems
94
wellness
the state of being in good health

DHO Health Science (1 decks)

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