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Human Biology > Chapter 1 - Human Biology, Science & Society > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Human Biology, Science & Society Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are all living things composed of?

A

All living things are composed of cells.

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2
Q

What do living things require?

A

Living things require energy and raw materials.

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3
Q

What do living things maintain?

A

Living things maintain homeostasis.

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4
Q

How do living things respond?

A

Living things respond to their external environments.

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5
Q

What do living things do?

A

Living things grow and reproduce.

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6
Q

What do living things do over many generations?

A

Living things evolve over many generations.

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7
Q

What are the two domains that consist of single-celled organisms without nuclei?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

These organisms are classified as prokaryotes.

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8
Q

What is the domain that contains organisms with nuclei?

A

Eukarya

Organisms in this domain are classified as eukaryotes.

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9
Q

How many kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya?

A

Four kingdoms

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10
Q

What are the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya?

A

Protista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae

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11
Q

What types of organisms are included in the kingdom Protista?

A

Protozoans, algae, and slime molds

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12
Q

What does the kingdom Animalia consist of?

A

Animals

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13
Q

What is included in the kingdom Fungi?

A

Fungi

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14
Q

What types of organisms are classified in the kingdom Plantae?

A

Plants

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15
Q

What is the basis for the classification of living organisms?

A

Common features and evolutionary relationships

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16
Q

What are the earliest organisms classified as?

A

Prokaryotes

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17
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which plants, algae, and some types of bacteria capture the energy in sunlight and convert it into chemical energy for their own use.

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18
Q

What is an Atom?

A

Smallest unit of an element; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

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19
Q

What is a Molecule?

A

Two or more atoms held together in a stable association with each other

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20
Q

What is a Cell?

A

Fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms

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21
Q

What is a Tissue?

A

A group of similar associated cells specialized to perform a specific function

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22
Q

What is an Organ?

A

A structure composed of two or more different tissues working together to perform a specific function

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23
Q

What is an Organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to serve a broad function important to the survival of an organism or species

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24
Q

What is an Organism?

A

An individual living being composed of several organs or organ systems

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25
What is a Population?
A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other
26
What is a Community?
All the populations of different species that coexist and interact within the same environment
27
What is an ecosystem?
All living organisms in a given area plus the physical environment and energy.
28
What is the biosphere?
The sum total of all ecosystems on Earth.
29
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
An atom is the smallest unit of matter, while a molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
30
What is a concern regarding radioactive wastes?
Disposing of radioactive wastes safely is crucial to prevent environmental contamination.
31
What is important for keeping drinking water safe?
Keeping drinking water free of lead, mercury, and other toxic chemicals is essential for public health.
32
What role do unstable molecules play in health?
Unstable molecules, known as free radicals, are linked to cancer and aging.
33
What is cloning in the context of cells?
Cloning involves creating adult animals, plants, and humans from a single cell.
34
What is a concern regarding human fetal tissues?
Using human fetal tissues in research raises ethical questions.
35
What is a method to increase organ supply?
Increasing the supply of human organs for transplantation is a critical need.
36
What is xenotransplantation?
Transplanting animal organs into humans is known as xenotransplantation.
37
What is the potential of stem cells?
Directing stem cells to form new organs holds promise for regenerative medicine.
38
What is a concern with enhancing human performance?
Enhancing human performance with drugs or genetic modification raises ethical issues.
39
What is the significance of testing for heritable diseases?
Testing for heritable diseases for which there are no cures is important for informed decision-making.
40
What is a debate surrounding abortion?
Deciding who should pay for human behavior-related illnesses, such as those caused by smoking, is a contentious issue.
41
What is a challenge in healthcare?
Rationing medical care is a challenge faced by healthcare systems.
42
What is a Population?
A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.
43
What is a Community?
A group of different species living together in a particular area.
44
What is an Ecosystem?
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
45
What is a Biosphere?
The global sum of all ecosystems; the zone of life on Earth.
46
What is Rationing medical care?
The allocation of limited medical resources to patients.
47
What does determining who gets scarce human organs for transplantation involve?
The process of deciding which patients receive available organs.
48
What are Mandatory vaccinations?
Vaccinations required by law to protect public health.
49
What is the impact of humans on the well-being and survival of other species?
Human activities can threaten the existence and health of various species.
50
What is Genetic modification of plants and animals for human purposes?
The alteration of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits.
51
What does using animals in medical research and cosmetics testing entail?
The practice of using animals to test the safety and efficacy of products.
52
What is Environmental pollution?
The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.
53
What is the destruction of ecosystems due to human activity?
The degradation of natural habitats caused by human actions.
54
What is Global warming?
The long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature.
55
What is Climate change?
Significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time.
56
What is the destruction of the ozone layer?
The thinning of the ozone layer caused by pollutants, leading to increased UV radiation.
57
What is biology?
The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
58
What is a cell?
The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms.
59
What is a control group?
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark.
60
What is data?
Information collected during an experiment.
61
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that is measured in an experiment.
62
What is an experiment?
A procedure carried out to test a hypothesis.
63
What is an experimental group?
The group in an experiment that receives the treatment.
64
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.
65
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, to be tested through experimentation.
66
What is an independent variable?
The variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment.
67
What is metabolism?
The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
68
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
69
What is a placebo?
A substance with no therapeutic effect used as a control in testing new drugs.
70
What is science?
The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.
71
What is the scientific method?
A systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
72
What is statistics?
The branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
73
What is a theory?
A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses, and facts.

Human Biology (3 decks)

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