Chapter 1 - Intro

Question 1

what is energy

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

what are the forms of energy

Answer 2

heat, light, motion, electrical, chemical, gravitational, thermal, radiant, mechanical, nuclear

Question 3

if u eat food and then play what is your conversion of energy

Answer 3

chemical to kinetic

Question 4

if u burn gasoline to drive a ca what is your energy conversion

Answer 4

chemical to kinetic

Question 5

if u use a solar panel to generate electricity, what is the energy conversion

Answer 5

solar energy to electrical energy

Question 6

what is power

Answer 6

rates at which we use energy

Question 7

1 J =

Answer 7

1 Nm is the MKS unit of energy, equal to the force of one newton acting through one meter

Question 8

what is BTU

Answer 8

British thermal unit. the amount of heat necessary to raise one pound of water by 1 F
= 252 calories

Question 9

describe what 1 KWh emans

Answer 9

the amount of energy of one kilowatt power flowing for one hour

Question 10

1 watt =

Answer 10

1 J/s

Question 11

Hydrogen has the highest specific heat in terms of ______, but almost the lowest in terms of _______.

Answer 11

MJ/kg
KJ/mol
highest i terms in mass, lowest in terms of volume
141.8 MJ/kg
286 KJ/mol

Question 12

why does hydrogen have the highest energy based on mass but lowest based on volume

Answer 12

It has the smallest atomic mass, so a small amount contains a lot of atoms.
Under STD hydrogen is a gas with very low density and the molecules are far part, meaning that volume contains a relatively small amount of hydrogen molecules

Question 13

what are the names for the powers of 10

Answer 13

kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa, yotta

Question 14

what are the 7 fundamental dimensions in SI

Answer 14

length - m
mass - kg
Time - s
Temperature - K
Electric current - A
Amount of light - cd
amount of matter - mol

Question 15

what is N/m^2

Answer 15

Pa

Question 16

How is pressure calculated

Answer 16

P = F/A

Question 17

how is work calculated

Answer 17

W = Fd
1J = 1Nm

Question 18

work has the unit of

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

conversion celsuis to Kelvin

Answer 19

K = C + 273.15

Question 20

conversion farenheit to celsuis

Answer 20

F = (5/9) (F - 32)

Question 21

conversion celsuis to farenheit

Answer 21

C = (9/5) C + 32

Question 22

Give renewable energies

Answer 22

Solar - photosynthesis (direct combustion, pyrolysis, fermentation, digestion) - Limnic (gravitational, salination, evaporation) - Oceanic (waves, currents, thermal difference, osmotic) -Wind - Direct conversion
Geothermal
Gravitional

Question 23

Give non-renewable energies

Answer 23

Fossil - Methane clathrate, coal, oil, gas, shale
Mineral - fission, fusion

Question 24

describe fossil fuels

Answer 24

fossil fuels are formed from buried organic material during the course of millions of year after which they become rich in carbon and release energy when burned

Question 25

what are the emissions associated with fossil fuels

Answer 25

CO2 - GHG Nitrogen oxides NO and hydrocarbons HC - smog Carbon monoxide CO- lethal surfur dioxide SO2 - acid rain Particulate matter PM - adverse health affects

Question 26

climate change refers to long-term shifts in ______ and ______ patterns. these shifts can be ________. but since 1800s, ________ activities have been the main driver

Answer 26

temperature and weather natural human

Question 27

How do we measure atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

Answer 27

air bubbles from the air core extracted from 4000m deep drilling in lake vostok

Question 28

what is net zero

Answer 28

net zero meanscutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed from the atmosphere, by oceans and forests for instance

Question 29

How much has GHG increase since 2010 and what does it need to reduce to not exceed 1.5 C

Answer 29

14% increase -45% decrease

Question 30

what is CCUS

Answer 30

Carbon capture utilization and storage Capture - remove emissions from a range of facilities or atmosphere Utilize - put into fuels, chemical, materials and products, EOR Transport - pipeline or trucks Storage - saline aquifers, old oil reservoirs, basalt formations, and deep sea

Question 31

difference between renewable and non-renewable energy

Answer 31

renewable energy is self-replenished and infinite. Non-renewable is finite because their depletion is a lot faster than their formation

Question 32

advantages of renewable energy

Answer 32

infinite supply less area restriction environmental benefits social economic factors

Question 33

what does net metering/on grid vs off grid mean when referring to solar panels

Answer 33

Net metering/ on grid - any excess power not used by the consumer is put back into the grid and lowers their power bill Off grid - excess electricity is stored in batteries

Question 34

what does airfoils mean

Answer 34

the blades of a wind turbine

Question 35

what kind of energy can we take from geothermal

Answer 35

electricity generation, heating and cooling, and direct use

Question 36

describe biofuels

Answer 36

biomass can be converted directly into liquid fuels. like ethanol made from the fermentation of biomass high in carbohydrates

Question 37

describe biodiesel

Answer 37

made from vegetables and animal fats.

Question 38

ocean energy is

Answer 38

natural movement of ocean water, including tides, waves, and currents can be used to produced electricity. Still at R&D stage

Question 39

describe tidal energy

Answer 39

natural rise and fall of of tides and tidal currents from the gravitational influence of the sun and moon

Question 40

describe wave energy

Answer 40

movement of waves, huge potential to generate 24/7 power, but really expensive

Question 41

what are the challenges of renewable energy on power grids

Answer 41

hard to implement high shares of renewable energy to the power system intermittent - causing instabilities and blackouts if put into the grid without changes new grids take longer to build and a lot of planning

Question 42

what is the idea of stored energy for renewable energies

Answer 42

Energy storage tackles the variability of renewable energies, such as wind and solar energy. It stores surplus energy generated during times of high output but low electricity demand, and then makes it available during times of lower output but high electricity demand

Question 43

how do we balance the overall storage systems for renewable energy

Answer 43

integrating energy storage systems(pumped storage and batteries) with variable renewable energy