Chapter 1 - Intro

Question 1

Etymology

Answer 1

Study of word origins

Question 2

Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of form and structure; describes how different structures in the body relate to one another

Question 3

Dissection

Answer 3

Cutting apart of dead bodies

Question 4

Cadaver

Answer 4

Dead body; “to fall”

Question 5

Vivisection

Answer 5

Cutting up of living things

Question 6

Physiology

Answer 6

Study of how structures function; refers to actual function of body part.

Question 7

Gross (obvious) anatomy aka macroscopic (large view) anatomy

Answer 7

Study of structures that are large enough to see with the naked eye.

3 major approaches: regional, systemic, and surface (anatomy)

Question 8

Regional anatomy

Answer 8

Describes all structures within a certain region of the body before moving on to another region

Question 9

Systemic anatomy

Answer 9

Deals with one system in the body at a time before moving on to study another system

Question 10

Surface anatomy

Answer 10

Relates position of internal structures to anatomical features that are visible on the body’s external surface

Question 11

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 11

Study of structures that are so small we cannot see them with the naked eye

2 major subdivisions: cytology & histology

Question 12

Cytology

Answer 12

Study of cells (smallest “living” components of body)

Question 13

Histology

Answer 13

Study of tissues (groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function

Question 14

Developmental anatomy

Answer 14

Focuses on structural changes that occur in the body from conception to adulthood

3 subdivisions: embryology, fetology, postnatal development

Question 15

Embryology

Answer 15

Study of the embryo (first two months of development in the womb)

Question 16

Fetology

Answer 16

Study of the fetus (stages of development from the embryo to birth)

Question 17

Postnatal development

Answer 17

Study of stages between birth and adulthood

Question 18

Cell physiology

Answer 18

Study of how individual cells carry out their activities

Question 19

Renal physiology

Answer 19

Study of how kidneys filter the blood & produce urine

Question 20

Neurophysiology

Answer 20

Study of how different parts of the nervous system work

Question 21

Pathophysiology

Answer 21

Study of how disease disrupts body parts; subdivision of pathology

Question 22

Pathology

Answer 22

Deals with all aspects of disease incl. cause & anatomical/physiological changes that occur ink affected structures

Question 23

Chemical level (of organization)

Answer 23

Chemical level of organization dealing with matter

Question 24

Cellular level (of organization)

Answer 24

Level of organization dealing with cells

Question 25

Tissue level (of organization)

Answer 25

Level of organization dealing with tissues

Question 26

Organ level (of organization)

Answer 26

Level of organization dealing with organs

Question 27

System level (of organization)

Answer 27

Focuses on groups of organ systems (I.e. integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive)

Question 28

Organismal level (of organization)

Answer 28

Level of organization including all organ systems working together to form the human body

Question 29

Matter

Answer 29

Anything in the universe that occupies space

Question 30

Elements

Answer 30

Building blocks of matter

Question 31

Atom

Answer 31

Smallest stable form of an element

Question 32

Molecule

Answer 32

Atoms bound together

Question 33

Chemicals

Answer 33

Atoms & molecules

Question 34

Cell

Answer 34

Basic unit of life; smallest living thing in body

Question 35

Tissue ("woven")

Answer 35

Group of cells working together to perform a similar function

Question 36

Organ ("instrument")

Answer 36

Well-defined anatomical structure consisting of two or more tissues working together to perform one or more functions for the body

Question 37

Organ system

Answer 37

Group of organs working together to perform a specific task

Question 38

Organism

Answer 38

Any living thing

Question 39

Characteristics of life

Answer 39

Cellularity, metabolism, excretion, growth, reproduction, organization, adaptability, irritability, movement, homeostasis, inheritance; C-ME-GRO-AIM-HI

Question 40

Environmental requirements for life

Answer 40

Water, nutrients, oxygen, temperature

Question 41

Homeostasis

Answer 41

Relatively stable internal environment in which cells can live

Question 42

Nutrients

Answer 42

Chemicals found in food that cells can use for energy •carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Question 43

Sensor (also called "receptor")

Answer 43

Structure that monitors a particular regulated variable and sends info about it to an integrating center

Question 44

Integrating center (also called "control center")

Answer 44

Receives info about regulated variable from a sensor, compares it to desired value, and sends that info to effector

Question 45

Effector

Answer 45

Structure that receives efferent info from control center & produces reaction that brings value of regulated variable back to set point

Question 46

Organelle

Answer 46

Specialized structure that performs specific functions inside cells

Question 47

4 General types of tissue

Answer 47

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous