Chapter 1 Intro to Biochem

Question 1

Thiol Functional Group and name

Answer 1

-SH (sulfhydryl)

Question 2

Condensation Reaction

Answer 2

when two simple functional groups join together with the loss of a small molecule such as water, H2S or H2

Question 3

How are biopolymers made?

Answer 3

condensation reactions

Question 4

What is the opposite of condensation reactions?

Answer 4

hydrolysis

Question 5

Phosphoesters are ___ energy bonds

Answer 5

low energy

Question 6

4 steps to creation of life

Answer 6

1. creating monomers
2. making polymers
3. making self-replicating systems
4. making life

Question 7

What did Urey and Miller do?

Answer 7

They created racemic gas mixtures from the abiotic formation of organic compounds (creating monomers: building blocks)

Question 8

What forms polymers?

Answer 8

condensation reactions (monomers together to build chain)

Question 9

What does DNA replicate through?

Answer 9

complementarity

Question 10

What is complementarity and what does it allow?

Answer 10

complementarity is the specific pairing of functional groups and allows macromolecules to replicate

Question 11

What did Thomas Cech discover?

Answer 11

the first RNA enzyme (ribozyme)

Question 12

When is hydrolysis unfavored?

Answer 12

at high temperatures

Question 13

What did Urey/Miller say about the atmosphere?

Answer 13

it was never reducing

Question 14

What is phylogeny based on?

Answer 14

taxonomy: the way something looks

Question 15

What are the 3 domains of living organisms?

Answer 15

eukarya, archaea and bacteria

Question 16

Who discovered archaea?

Answer 16

carl woese

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

• no nucleus
• a single plasma membrane

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

• much larger than prokaryotic cells
• nucleus + more organelles
• ER, Golgi, mitochondria etc

Question 19

Why are prokaryotic cells small?

Answer 19

they need to maintain large surface area:volume ration to enable the diffusion of food and oxygen

Question 20

Who discovered Endosymbiotic origin?

Answer 20

Lynn Margulis

Question 21

What is a summary of the endosymbiotic system?

Answer 21

Aerobic bacterium is added to the eukaryote (bacterial genome). Then photosynthetic cyanobacterium is added and the light energy is used to synthesize CO2 molecules. When added, it multiples and a new cell can make ATP using energy from sunlight. The Cyanobacteria genes move to the nucleus and become plastids (chloroplasts)