Chapter 1: Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

• specialized area of biol. that deals with tiny life forms that
  are not readily observed without magnification, or are
  described as microscopic
• study of microorganisms (or microbes), or “germs” (Ln.
  “germen” – sprout from, or germinate) or “bugs”

Answer 1

MICROBIOLOGY

Question 2

-Can cause diseases
-Can lead to foot spoilage

Answer 2

Disadvantages of Microbes

Question 3

Dairy products, Insecticides, Enzymes, Antibiotic and Antiviral production, bread making, fertility of soil, steroids, alcoholic drinks, vitamin production, sewage treatment, biotechnology and research

Answer 3

Advantages of Microbes

Question 4

Microorganisms that can contaminate fresh produce

Answer 4

Bacteria, Parasites, and Viruses

Question 5

Microorganisms that can multiply both inside and outside of a host.

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

-Protozoa or intestinal worms that can multiply in a host.
-Can survive in the body for a long time without producing any symptoms.
-Usually transmitted through water, and often not killed by chemical sanitizers.

Answer 6

parasites

Question 7

-Small particles of nucleic acid that only multiply in a host.
-Only a few particles will make someone ill.
-Usually spread by individuals who have not washed their hands before touching produce.

Answer 7

Viruses

Question 8

Microoragnisms are used by ______ to make ______ and _____.

Answer 8

people, food, medicine

Question 9

Microorganisms are used in the _________ role in ___________ to ________ ___________

Answer 9

Ecosystems, decomposing, recycle, nutrients

Question 10

The role of soil
bacteria in the N2 cycle

Answer 10

Nitrogen
transitions between
various biologically
useful forms.

Question 11

Source: Serratia Bacillus sp.
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries

Answer 11

Lipase and Protease

Question 12

Source: Xanthomonas Candida Lumicola Pseulomonas Aeruginosa
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries

Answer 12

Protease

Question 13

Source: Pseudomonas
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries

Answer 13

Lipase

Question 14

Source: Aeromonas hydrophila Alteromonas haloplanktins
Applicaton: food, detergent, leather, textile, cosmetic, and paper industries

Answer 14

Amylase

Question 15

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 15

Vitamin E and Vitamin K2

Question 16

-Freshwater microalgae, EUGLENA GRACILLIS
-fermentative production from glucose

Answer 16

Vitamin E

Question 17

-mutated strain of, BACILLUS SUBTILIS
-fermentation using soybean extract

Answer 17

Vitamin k2

Question 18

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 18

-Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)
-Biotin
-Riboflavin
-Vitamin B12

Question 19

-Cynobacterium sp.
-fermentative process to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid followed by chmeical conversion to L-ascorbic acid

Answer 19

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C)

Question 20

-Fermentation (serratia macrescens)
-Multiply enzyme system (Bacillus spharicus)

Answer 20

Biotin

Question 21

-Fermentation (Eremothecium ashbyii)
-fermentative production from glucose

Answer 21

Riboflavin

Question 22

-fementation (Propionibacterium shermanii)
-fermentative production from glucose

Answer 22

Vitamin b12

Question 23

Pathway of _____– butanol
– ______ fermentation by clostridia.

Answer 23

acetone, ethanol

Question 24

Antibiotic, Antifungal, Anthelminthic, and Immunosuppressant

Answer 24

Examples of microbial
natural products
relevant for the
pharmaceutical
industry

Question 25

Pickles, Chocolate, Bread, Coffee, Sauerkraut, Soy sauce

Answer 25

Examples of foods which uses fermentation in their production

Question 26

Gene cloning involves using _____ to make ______ copies of a gene

Answer 26

bacteria, multiple

Question 27

-treatment of type 1 DIABETES -E. coli

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

treatment of pituitary dwarfism

Answer 28

Human growth hormone

Question 29

Vaccination of susceptible personnel e.g. healthcare workers, drug users, treatment of wounds, burns

Answer 29

Hepatitis B vaccine

Question 30

treatment of wounds, burns

Answer 30

Epidermal growth factor

Question 31

Used in synthesis of ovarian cancer drug taxol

Answer 31

Acyltransferase

Question 32

Antitumour agent

Answer 32

Endostatin

Question 33

Bacteriology

Answer 33

bacteria

Question 34

Mycology

Answer 34

fungi

Question 35

Parasitology

Answer 35

parasitism and parasitic organism

Question 36

Protozoology

Answer 36

protozoa

Question 37

Virology

Answer 37

viruses

Question 38

* occurrence of disease in human population

Answer 38

Epidemiology

Question 39

* detailed structure of microorganisms

Answer 39

Morphology

Question 40

* microbial function at the cellular and molecular level

Answer 40

Physiology

Question 41

* identification, naming, and classification of microorganisms

Answer 41

Taxonomy

Question 42

* interrelationships between microbes and the environment; the roles of microorganism in the nutrient cycles and natural ecosystems

Answer 42

Microbial Ecology

Question 43

* function of genetic material and biochemical reactions that make up a cell’s metabolism

Answer 43

Microbial Genetics, Molecular Biology