Chapter 1: Intro to Nutrition Vocabulary

Question 1

Compounds in food that sustain your body processes

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

The measurement of energy in foods

Answer 2

Kilocalories or Calories

Question 3

The numerous reactions that occur within the cell. The calories in foods are converted to energy in the cells of the body

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in goods that you eat nourish and affect your body functions and health.

Answer 4

Nutrition

Question 5

The energy-containing essential nutrients that you need in higher amounts.

Answer 5

Macronutrients

Question 6

What classes of nutrients are classified as macronutrients?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 7

Essential nutrients that you need in smaller quantities

Answer 7

Micronutrients

Question 8

What classes of nutrients are classified as micronutrients?

Answer 8

Vitamins, minerals, and water.

Question 9

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Question 10

How many calories does 1g of carbohydate provide?

Answer 10

4kcal

Question 11

How many calories does 1g of fat provide?

Answer 11

9kcal

Question 12

How many calories does 1g of protein provide?

Answer 12

4kcal

Question 13

Chemical compounds containing carbon

Answer 13

Organic

Question 14

Substances that speed up chemical reactions in your body

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

Chemical compounds that don’t contain carbon

Answer 15

Inorganic

Question 16

Nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases

Answer 16

Phytochemicals

Question 17

The portion of plant foods that isn’t digested in the small intestine

Answer 17

Fiber

Question 18

Carrying extra weighton your body in relation to your height. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9.

Answer 18

Overweight

Question 19

Carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher

Answer 19

Obesity

Question 20

A set of disease prevention and health promotion objective for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millenium.

Answer 20

Healthy People 2020

Question 21

The opinion of a group of experts based on a collection of information

Answer 21

Consensus

Question 22

A stepwise process used by scientists based on their observations

Answer 22

Scientific method

Question 23

A research journal in which follow scientists (peers) review studies to assess if they are accurate and sound before they are published

Answer 23

Peer-reviewed journal

Question 24

A scientific experiment conducted in a laboratory. Some involve animals

Answer 24

Laboratory experiment

Question 25

Research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes

Answer 25

Observational research

Question 26

Research that looks at populations of people; is often observational

Answer 26

Epidmiological research

Question 27

Research involving at least two groups of subjects

Answer 27

Experimental research

Question 28

The group given a specific treatment

Answer 28

Experimental group

Question 29

The group given a placebo

Answer 29

Control group

Question 30

A sugar pill that has no impact on the individual's health when ingested

Answer 30

Placebo

Question 31

An idea generated by scientists based on their observations

Answer 31

Hypothesis

Question 32

When the scientists and subjects in a research experiment can't distinguish between the treatments given to the subjects and don't know which group of subjects received which treatment

Answer 32

Double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Question 33

A health professional who has completed at least a bachelor's degree in nutrition from an accredited university or college in the U.S., completed a supervised practice, and passed an exam by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietics (AND)

Answer 33

Registered Dietician Nutritionist (RDN)

Question 34

The integration of nutrition counseling and dietary changes based on an individual's medical and health needs to treat a patient's medical condition

Answer 34

Medical Nutrition Therapy

Question 35

An individual who may have an undergraduate degree in nutrition but isn't an RDN.

Answer 35

Public health nutritionist

Question 36

An individual who has met specified educational and experience criteria deemed necessary by a state licensing board to be considered an expert in the field of nutrition.

Answer 36

Licensed Dietician Nutritionist (LDN)

Question 37

A generic term with no recognized legal or professional meaning

Answer 37

Nutritionist

Question 38

A field of study that researches the relationship between nutrition and genomics

Answer 38

Nutritional genomics

Question 39

The study of genes and gene expression

Answer 39

Genomics

Question 40

The processing of genetic information to create a specific protein

Answer 40

Gene expression

Question 41

A project sponsored by the U.S. government to determine the complete set and sequencing of DNA in human cells and identify all human genes

Answer 41

Human Genome Project

Question 42

Genetic material within cells that directs the synthesis of proteins in the body

Answer 42

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)