Chapter 1: Intro To Physiology

Question 1

Central organizing principle of Physiology

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

Science of the normal function and phenomena of living things

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

What is the breakdown of the organization of the body? 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)

Answer 3

1.) Cells 2.) Tissues 3.) Organs 4.) Organ Systems

Question 4

________ independently carry out life processes.

Answer 4

Cells

Question 5

If an organism 1) uses oxygen/nutrients, 2) produces CO2/waste & 3) synthesizes complex molecules it is considered?

Answer 5

Metabolically Active

Question 6

What is metabolic arrest and name an example.

Answer 6

Temporary ceasing of normal metabolic functions, putting a heart in ice to preserve it

Question 7

Over 200 cells in the body divide into 4 general categories:

Answer 7

Muscle, nerve, epithelial & connective tissue

Question 8

What type of cells are found connecting bones, in the heart, or other internal organs that may be under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 8

Muscle cells/Muscle fibers

Question 9

What type of cells function in transmitting electrical signals, control and regulate muscle contraction, gland secretion, sensory perception, thoughts, memory, emotions and much more?

Answer 9

Nerve cells/Neurons

Question 10

What type of cells form a barrier by separating the body from the external environment, line hollow organs and form glands?

Answer 10

Epithelial cells/Epithelial Tissue = Epithelium

Question 11

What forms the exocrine & endocrine glands?

Answer 11

Epithelium

Question 12

What type of gland releases its product to the external environment?

Answer 12

Exocrine gland

Question 13

What type of gland secretes into the blood stream?

Answer 13

Endocrine Gland

Question 14

What category of cells do blood cells, bone cells, and fibroblasts lie under?

Answer 14

Connective tissue cells

Question 15

What cells make up the extracellular matrix and name two fibers it consists of

Answer 15

Connective tissue cells, elastin and collagen

Question 16

Composed of atleast 2 tissue tupes & perform specific funtions?

Answer 16

Organs

Question 17

Collection of organs performing a particular task

Answer 17

Organ system

Question 18

Organ system that consists of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus & pancreas & provides communication bw cells of the body thru the release of hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 18

Endocrine System

Question 19

Organ system that consists of brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves to provide communication bw cells of the body thru electrical signals & the release of NT into small gaps bw certain cells

Answer 19

Nervous System

Question 20

Organ system that consists of skeletal muscle, bones, tendons, ligaments that support the body & allow voluntary movement of the body & facial expressions

Answer 20

Musculoskeletal System

Question 21

Organ system that consists of heart, blood vessels and blood that transports molecules throughout the body in the blood stream

Answer 21

Cardiovascular System

Question 22

Organ system that consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra that functions with filtering the blood to regulate acidity, blood volume & ion concentrations & eliminates wastes

Answer 22

Urinary System

Question 23

Organ system that consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 24

Organ system that consists of the gonads, reproductive tracts and glands that functions to generate offspring

Answer 24

Reproduction System

Question 25

Organ system that consists of white blood cells, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids that functions to defend the body against pathogens and abnormal cells

Answer 25

Immune System

Question 26

Organ system that consists of the skin that functions to protect the body from the external environment

Answer 26

Integumentary System

Question 27

3 systems that compose the external environment

Answer 27

Lumen of the repiratory system, GI system, urinary system

Question 28

3 organs that exchange bw the external and internal environment

Answer 28

lungs, GI tract, kidneys

Question 29

5 body fluid compartments?

Answer 29

1. Total Body Water (TBW)
2. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
3. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
4. Plasma
5. Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

Question 30

Homeostasis in action?

Answer 30

thermoregulation

Question 31

process of maintaining stable internal environment compatible for life

exception?

Answer 31

Homeostasis

Reproductive sytem and blood clotting

Question 32

3 components that maintain extracellular fluid and homeostasis

Answer 32

composition, temp, volume

Question 33

primary mechanism for maintaing homeostasis that reverts the body system functions to set point

Answer 33

negative feedback

Question 34

normal range for the variable in homeostasis

Answer 34

“Set Point”

Question 35

Steps for negative feedback control

1. Change in ________ environment
2. Change in ________ environment
3. Detected by ________ system
4. Change in ____ system function
5. Negative Feedback –> change in ________ environment

Answer 35

Steps for negative feedback control

1. Change in external environment
2. Change in internal environment
3. Detected by internal system
4. Change in body system function
5. Negative Feedback –> change in internal environment

Question 36

Positive feedback loops cause a _____ change in a variable

Example?

Answer 36

rapid

child birth