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COMP 210 Intro to Computers > Chapter 1 Intro to the world of computers > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro to the world of computers Flashcards

1
Q

Computer literacy

A

The knowledge and understanding of basic computer fundamentals

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2
Q

microcomputers

A

inexpensive personal computer

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3
Q

computer

A

a programmable electronic device that accepts data input, performs processing operations on that data and outputs and stores results

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4
Q

hardware

A

the physical part of a computer system such as the keyboard, monitor, printer etc

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5
Q

internet

A

the largest and most well known computer network linking millions of computers all over the world

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6
Q

netbook

A

a very small notebook computer

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7
Q

processing

A

performing operations on data that has been input into a computer to convert input to output

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8
Q

software

A

the instructions, also called computer programs, that are used to tell a computer what it should do

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9
Q

storage

A

the operation of saving data, programs or output for future use

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10
Q

supercomputer

A

the fastest most expensive and most powerful computer

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11
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

An internet address, usually beginning with http://, that uniquely identifies a web page

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12
Q

Web site

A

A collection of related web pages usually belonging to an organization or individual

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13
Q

wireless networking

A

allows the use of computers in virtually any location and both online and offline content to be sent wirelessly from one device to another.

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14
Q

Wireless hotspots

A

internet connections that allow people to connect to the www

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15
Q

authentication systems

A

allows only authorized individuals to enter office building, or access to the company network via access card or finger or hand scan

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16
Q

consumer kiosks

A

consumers access small self service computer based stations that provide information or other services to the public including those used for ATM transactions, bridal registries, ticketing systems

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17
Q

Self check out systems

A

mini computers that allow consumers to pay for their goods without a sales clerk

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18
Q

input

A

the process of entering data into a computer, can also refer to the data itself

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19
Q

output

A

the process of presenting the results of processing, can also refer to the results themselves.

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20
Q

Communications

A

the transmission of data from one device to another

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21
Q

Data

A

raw , unorganized facts

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22
Q

Information

A

Data that has been processed into a meaningful form

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23
Q

IPOS Cycle

A

the information processing cycle

The progression of input, processing, output and storage

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24
Q

Examples of early computers

A

Before 1946

slide rule, punch card tabulating machines

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25
First Generation Computers
1946-1957 enormous computers utilizing vacuum tubes Could only solve one problem at a time egs ENIAC and UNIVAC
26
Second Generation computers
1958-1963 used transistors (small devices made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits. Programming languages were Fortran and cobol
27
Third Generation computers
1964 to 1970 transistor replaced by integrated circuits which incorporate many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip
28
Fourth Generation computers
1971 to present increase in amt of transistors on a single chip...leading to invention of microprocessor IBM PC and Apple Macintosh computers
29
Transistor
small device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits
30
Input devices (egs)
egs keyboard, mouse, microphone, digital pens, digital camera, touch pad and touch screens
31
Processing devices (egs)
CPU or central processing device
32
CPU
Central processing device considered the brain of the computer it performs the calculations and comparisons needed for processing and controls the computers operations.
33
Output devices (egs)
accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to the user egs are monitors, printer, speaker, headphones data projectors
34
Storage devices
CD DVD drives, flash memory card readers are used to access data from storage media hard drives and usb flaw drives includes both a storage device and storage medium in a single piece of hardware. Used to save data, program settings,, or output for future use; they can be installed to a computer, attached tot he computer as an external drive or accessed remotely thru a network or wireless connection.
35
Communication Devices
allow users to communicate electronically with others | hardware include modems, network adapters and routers
36
modem
used to connect a computer to the internet
37
network adapters
connects an computer to a computer network
38
Routers
used to create a small network so a variety of devices can share and internet connection and data
39
Software
the programs that allow a computer to operate i.e. the instructions that are used to tell a computer what it should do
40
Operating system
the main component of the system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and resources under its control, run application programs and interface with the user.
41
Boot
To start up a computer
42
Windows desktop
the background work area displaced on the screen for computers running Microsoft Windows
43
Application software
programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer such as writing letters or playing games
44
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language | computer language used for developing webpages
45
JavaScript
scripting languages are used to create interactive web pages
46
Programmers
are computer professionals who write the programs for computer use.
47
computer users or end users
are the people who used computers to perform tasks or obtain information
48
systems analysts
are people who design computer systems to be used within their companies
49
Computer operations personel
are people who are responsible for day to day computer operations at a company such as maintaining systems or troubleshooting user related problems.
50
Security specialist
are people responsible for securing the company computers and networks against hackers and other intruders
51
embedded computers
tiny commuters embedded into products to perform specific functions or tasks for that product
52
mobile device
mobile phones, small tablets,and other small personal devices that contain built in computing or internet capabilities
53
personal computers
fully functioning portable or desktop computers that are designed to be used by a single individual at a time
54
Midrange servers
computers that host data and programs available to a small group of users
55
Mainframe Computers
powerful computers used to host a large amount of data and programs available to a wide group of users (used in hospitals, large businesses etc
56
Supercomputers
extremely powerful computers used for complex computations and processing
57
portable computers
a small personal computer such as a notebook, tablet or netbook that is designed to be carried around easily
58
Notebook computer
fully functioning portable computer that opens to reveal a screen and keyboard aka a laptop computer
59
Tablet computers
typically notebook sized computers that are designed to be used with digital pens or touch input.
60
Thin clients
a personal computer designed to access a network for processing and data storage instead of performing those tasks locally (aka network computer)
61
Internet appliance
a specialized network computer designed primarily for internet access and or email exchange
62
Virtualization
creating virtual rather than actual versions of a computing resource such as several separate environments that a located on a single server but act like different servers
63
ISP
Internet Service Provider | a company that provides internet access, usually for a fee
64
supercomputing cluster
a group of numerous smaller computers connected together to act as a single supercomputer
65
Computer network
a collection of computers and other hardware devices that are connected together to share hardware, software and data as well as to communicate electronically with one another.
66
www
world wide web | the collection of webpages available through the internet
67
Webpage
a document typically containing hyperlinks to other documents located on a web server and available through the world wide web.
68
IP address
a numeric internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet
69
Domain name
a text based internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet
70
username
a name that uniquely identifies a user on a specific computer network
71
email address
and internet address consisting of a username and computer domain name that uniquely identifies a person on the internet
72
hyperlinks
graphics or text linked to other web pages
73
SMS
short message service
74
MMS
multimedia message service

COMP 210 Intro to Computers (8 decks)

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