Chapter 1: Intro to Victimology

Question 1

Victimology

Answer 1

The study of causes of victimization, its consequences, how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists the victims

Question 2

Lex Talionis

Answer 2

an eye for an eye

Question 3

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 3

(basis for order and certainty in Babylon) In the code restoration of equity between the offender and victim was stressed.

Question 4

Victim Precipitation

Answer 4

The extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization.

Question 5

Victim Facilitation

Answer 5

This occurs when a victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime.

Question 6

Victim Provocation

Answer 6

Occurs when a person does something that incites another person to commit an illegal act

Question 7

The criminal and his victim: studies in the sociobiology of crime, Hans Von Hentig 1948

Answer 7

Recognized the importance of investigating what factors underpin why certain people are victims just as criminology attempts to identify those factors that produce criminality

Question 8

13 Categories based on their propensity for victimization

Answer 8

1. young
2. females
3. old
4. immigrants
5. depressed
6. mentally defective/deranged
7. the acquisitive
8. dull normals
9. minorities
10. wanton
11. the lonesome and heartbroken
12. tormentor
13. the blocked, exempted and fighting

Question 9

Father of victimology

Answer 9

Benjamin Mendelsohn

Question 10

classification of victims based on their culpability, or the degree of the victim’s blame. BM

Answer 10

1. Completely innocent victim: a victim who bears no responsibility at all for victimization; victimized simply because of his or her nature, such as being a child
2. Victim with minor guilt: a victim who is victimized due to ignorance; a victim who inadvertently places himself or herself in harm’s way
3. Victim as guilty as offender/voluntary victim: a victim who bears as much responsibility as the offender; a person who, for example, enters into a suicide pact
4. Victim more guilty than offender: a victim who instigates or provokes his or her own victimization
5. Most guilty victim: a victim who is victimized during the perpetration of a crime or as a result of crime
6. Simulating or imaginary victim: a victim who is not victimized at all but, instead, fabricates a victimization event

Question 11

Stephen Schafer seven categories and level of responsibilities

Answer 11

1. Unrelated victims—no responsibility
2. Provocative victims—share responsibility

3.Precipitative victims—some degree of responsibility

4. Biologically weak victims—no responsibility
5. Socially weak victims—no responsibility
6. Self-victimizing—total responsibility
7. Political victims—no responsibility

Question 12

Marvin Wolfgang

Answer 12

-Investigated a classic study of homicides in PA from 1948-1952. seeing the extent to the precipitation in their death
-often knew each other
-alcohol likely plays a role
-sub intentional homicide

Question 13

Subintentional Homicide

Answer 13

Occurs when the victim facilitaties his or her own demise by using poor judgement, placing themselves at risk, living a risky lifestyle, or using alcohol or drugs

Question 14

Victim rights movements

Answer 14

-Women Movements
-The Civil Rights Movement

Question 15

Contributions to Victims right movement

Answer 15

-early programs for crime victims
-development of victim organizations
-Legislation and Policy

Question 16

Costs of Victimization

Answer 16

The cost of stolen or damaged property or the costs of receiving treatment at the emergency room