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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 1 Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is The science of human development ?

A

**Seeks to understand how and why people -all kinds of people, everywhere, of every age -change over time. **

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2
Q

What is the Life-span perspective?

A
  • The view of growth and deveopment
  • It is multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic.
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3
Q

What is: Multidirectional, mutlidisciplinary, multicontextiual, multicultural, and plastic mean?

A
  1. Multidirectional: change occurs in every direction, not always, in a straight line. Gains and losses, predictable growth, and unexpected transformations are evident
  2. Multidisciplinary: numerous academic fields which contribute insights such as biology, psychology, religion, history
  3. Multicontextual: human lives are embeded in many contexts including historical conditions, econcomic constraints, and family poatterns
  4. Multicultural: many cultures -not just between nations but also within them -affect how people develop
  5. Plasticity: every individual, and every trait within each individual, can be altered at any point in the lifespan
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4
Q

What does Empirical mean?

A

Means it is based on data, on demonstrations, on facts.

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5
Q

What are the five steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. Begin with curiosity
  2. Develop a hypothesis
  3. Develop the hypothesis
  4. Draw conclusions
    * 5.* Report results
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6
Q

Define **Nature **vs. Nurture

A
  1. Nature: the influence of the genes that people inherit
  2. **Nurture: **environmental influences, begining with health and diet of the embryos mother and continuing lifelong, including family, school, culture, and society.
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7
Q

What is Critical period?

A
  • A time when something must occur to ensure normal development.
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8
Q

What is Sensitive period?

A
  • When a particular deveoplment occurs most easily
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9
Q

What are Dynamic Systems?

A
  • The term used to descirbe development
  • System captures the idea that a change in one aspect of a person, or family, or society affects all the other aspects because each part is connected to all the other parts
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10
Q

What is the life span perspective?

A

*

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11
Q

What is the Ecological-systems approach?

A
  • **The appraoch of studying the environment surrounding each person **
  • Later renamed Bioecological
  • Three levels that effect each person:
  • -mircosystems
  • exosystems
  • macrosystems*
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12
Q

What are microsystems, exosystems, macrosystems?

A
  1. Microsystems: elements of the immediate surroundings such as family, friends, school and religious classes
  2. exosystems: local institutions such as school system, religious organization, and workplace
  3. Macrosystems: larger contexts like cultural values, economic values, economic policies and political processes
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13
Q

What is a cohort?

A
  • All persons born within a few years from one another
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14
Q

What is a Socioeconomic Status (SES)?

A
  • Also called social class; also reflects education
  • SES brings advantages/disadvantages, opportunities/limitations all of which effect housing, health, knowledge, and habits
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15
Q

What is an Ethnic Group?

A
  • people who share certain attributes, such as heritage and usually national origin, religion, and language
  • Not the same as culture. Some people of an ethnicity may follow different cultures
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16
Q

What is Race?

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A

Term used to categorize people on the basis of biology, particularly as it affects outwaard appearence; despite appreaence being an unreliable indicator or biology, genetics or development

17
Q

How is development plastic?

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A

Human traits can be molded yet maintain certain durability pf identity

18
Q

What is an experiment? What is the difference between independent vs dependent variable?

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A
  1. Experiment: designed to establish what causes what
  2. Independent: which is the imposed treatment or special coindition
  3. Dependent: May be affected by independent variable
19
Q

What is Cross sequential research?

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A

With this design researchers study several groups of people who are different ages and follow them over the years

20
Q

What is the difference between quantitative research vs qualitative research?

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A
  • Quantitative: data, numbers, scores, percentages
  • Qualitative: discription
  • such as case study
21
Q

What is the Instituational Review Board?

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A

A group that permits only research that follows certain guidleines

Developmental Psychology (2 decks)

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