Chapter 1- introduction Flashcards
(20 cards)
Acid-base status provides insight into what three physiologic processes?
alveolar ventilation, acid-base status, oxygenation
What is a normal pH?
7.35-7.45
Acid is a proton____
donor (H+)
Base is a proton___
acceptor (A-)
Acidity of alkalinity of a solution is base on?
how many hydrogen ions or molecules of carbon dioxide are present
What is a buffer?
a compound that can accept or donate protons (H+) and minimize a change in pH
What is the primary buffer of ECF?
bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What are the primary ICF buffers?
proteins and inorganic and organic phosphates
What pathways allow regulation of acid-base in the body?
metabolic, respiratory, and renal pathways
What happens in the body when there is an excess of hydrogen ions?
in minutes, hydrogen ions titrate with bicarbonate ions in the ECF and titrate with ICF buffers, alveolar ventilation is stimulated to decrease CO2 levels
in hours, the renal system begins to regenerate HCO3-, and HCO3- increases the pH increases
alveolar ventilation returns to normal
CO2 concentrations are a balance of what?
mitochondrial production and alveolar removal by ventilation
What happens in the body when there is an excess of CO2?
CO2 is converted to carbonic acid, this allows H+ from the carbonic acid to titrate with ICF buffers
the renal system adapts by increasing HCO3- reabsorption
Terms acidosis/alkalosis refer to?
pathophysiologic process that causes the net accumulation of acid of alkali in the body
Terms acidemia/alkalemia refer to?
the actual change in pH of ECF
What are the main extracellular electrolytes?
sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
What are the main intracelluarl electrolytes?
potassium, magnesium, phosphorus/phosphate, calcium
What is osmolality?
the number of osmoles per kg of solvent
What is osmolarity?
the number of osmoles per L of solvent
What is osmosis?
a spontaneous movement of a solvent across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
What is tonicity?
the measure of the effective osmolarity.
(fluid will move across the semi-permeable membrane when an effective osmole is added
