Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is generalization?
Generalization is a type of scientific explanation; a general conclusion based on many observations of similar phenomena.
What is reduction?
Reduction is a type of scientific explanation; a phenomenon is described in terms of the more elementary processes that underlie it.
What is monism?
Monism is the belief that the world consists of only matter and energy and that the mind is a phenomenon produces by the workings of the nervous system.
What is dualism?
Dualism is the belief that the body is physical but the mind (or soul) is not.
What is a reflex?
A reflex is an automatic, stereotyped movement that is produced as the direct result of a stimulus.
What is the doctrine of specific nerve energies?
The doctrine of specific nerve energies is Johannes Muller’s conclusion that, because all nerve energies carry the same type of message, sensory information must be specified by the particular nerve fibers that are active.
What did Hippocrates think about thought and emotion?
Unlike most ancient philosophers, who believed that thought and emotion were controlled by the heart, Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.E.) believed that thought and emotion were controlled by the brain.
What did Aristotle think about thought and emotion?
Like most ancient philosophers, Aristotle believed that thought and emotion were controlled by the heart; additionally, Aristotle believed that the brain cooled down the heart’s response.
What did Galen think about thought and emotion?
After dissecting animal brains, Galen (130-200 C.E.) believed that thought and emotion were controlled by the brain; Galen disagreed with Aristotle.
What did French philosopher Rene Descartes contribute to the field of behavioral neuropsychology?
Descartes (17th century) saw the body as a machine and coined the term ‘reflex’; was the first to suggest that the mind controlled the body and that the body provided information for the mind.
