Chapter 1 - Introduction: Matter and Measurement Flashcards
(51 cards)
What is matter?
Matter is the physical material of the universe; it is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Define property:
A property is any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from the other types.
What are elements?
Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon etc. The substances/atoms that cannot be broken down further into other substances.
What are atoms?
the infinitesimally small building blocks of matter. Each element is composed of a unique kind of atom.
What are molecules?
Molecules are two or more atoms that are joined together in specific shapes. (This is a general term and can have the same type of atoms)
What is a compound?
A compound has two different types of atoms (unlike molecules where they can be the same types of atoms)
What are the states of matter?
Gas, Liquid, or a solid
What are the 2 main ways of classifying matter?
Physical state and composition
What are the properties of gas?
A gas has no fixed volume or shape; it conforms to the volume and shape of its container
What are the properties of liquid?
A liquid has a distinct volume (definite volume) but no definite shape.
What are the properties of a solid?
A solid has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance is matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample. Water and table salt, the primary components of sea water, are examples of pure substances. (Pure in composition; uniform composition.)
What are Mixtures?
mixtures are combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity.
What is the law of constant composition?
Also known as law of definite proportions, the law of constant composition is the observation that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same. In any given amount of water the molecules inside the water will always be the same, they cannot be different. (Any specific compound (substance) is always the same regardless of its space)
What is a homogeneous mixture?
It has a uniform composition. These are also called solutions.
Ex: Salt water (substances that dissolve in water could be considered homogeneous), air
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Not uniform.
Ex: Granite, wood (there are different spots and pockets that you can see; they vary in texture and appearance)
What are the two properties of matter?
Physical and chemical
Define Physical Properties:
They are properties that can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance. (the properties include color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness.
What at the two types of physical properties?
Intensive and Extensive
What are intensive properties?
are properties that does not depend on quantity (density), such as temperature and melting point.
What are extensive properties?
Properties that depend on the amount of the sample (mass and volume).
Define Chemical Properties:
The way a substance reacts in the presence of another/stimulus; The way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances.
What are the two different types of changes substances can go through?
Physical and chemical Changes
Define a physical change:
A substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition. It is the same substance before and after the change.
Ex: evaporation of water is a physical change. (this is because when water evaporates, it changes from the liquid state to the gas state, but it is still composed of water molecules.
