Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Accounting > Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting Flashcards

Question Bank (88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is capital expenditure?

A

Capital expenditure relates to the acquisition of, or improvement of the earning capacity of, non-current assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of capital expenditure?

A

Legal fees incurred on the purchase of a building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, what are aspects of relevance?

A

Nature or materiality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, which qualitative characteristics enhance the usefulness of information that is relevant and faithfully represented?

A

Comparability, understandability, timeliness, verifiability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who would be interested in the financial statements of a small private company?

A

Company employees, the company’s bank, suppliers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In relation to the business of a sole trader, what does the government and its agencies need to be able to do?

A

Establish levels of tax revenue and produce national statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In relation to the business of a sole trader, who needs to assess whether the business will continue to exist?

A

The sole trader, its suppliers, customers, and employees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In relation to the business of a sole trader, who is interested in assessing the owner’s stewardship?

A

Only the sole trader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In relation to the business of a sole trader, who takes decisions about their investment?

A

Only the sole trader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is information about an entity’s financial position primarily provided in?

A

The statement of financial position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, what can help users identify the reporting entity’s financial strengths and weaknesses?

A

Information on the economic resources it controls and the entity’s claims/liabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, what are the objectives of financial statements?

A
  1. To show the results of management’s stewardship of the resources entrusted to it
  2. To provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, when is financial information capable of making a difference in decisions?

A

When it has predictive and confirmatory value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which accounting principle tends to understate asset values and overstate profits in times of rising prices?

A

The historical cost convention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In times of rising prices, what effect does the use of the historical cost concept have on a company’s asset values and profit?

A

Asset values understated and profit overstated: profit will be overstated due to depreciation based on understated assets, and cost of sales based on understated inventory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In accordance with IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, how is fair presentation described?

A

The financial statements are reliable in that they reflect the effects of transactions, other events, and conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In accordance with IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, how is the going concern concept in accounting described?

A

The directors do not intend to liquidate the entity or to cease trading in the foreseeable future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does a specific disclosure requirement of an IAS need not be satisfied?

A

If the information is material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

According to the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, when is financial information useful?

A

When it is either relevant or faithfully represented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does materiality mean?

A

That only items having a physical existence may be recognised as assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, what does compliance with International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards normally ensure?

A

That the entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows are presented fairly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, when are omissions or misstatements of items material?

A

If they could, individually or collectively, influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are fundamental principles of the IESBA Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants?

A

Integrity, objectivity, and confidentiality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who does the ICAEW Code of Ethics apply to?

A

The ICAEW’s members, employees of ICAEW member firms, and ICAEW students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe ethical guidance in the UK
Ethical guidance is a framework containing a combination of rules and principles, the application of which is dependent on the professional judgement of the accountant based on the specific circumstances
26
Define sole trader
People who work for themselves and own their business
27
Define partnership
Partnerships occur when two or more people decide to share the risks and rewards of a business together
28
Define limited liability company
LLCs are incorporated to take advantage of 'limited liability' for their owners (shareholders); they are only responsible for the amount to be paid for their shares
29
What financial information do managers and directors need about a company?
Managers and directors need information about the company's present and future financial situation, which enables them to manage the business efficiently and to make effective decisions about matters such as pricing, output, employment, and financing
30
What financial information do owners of a company need about the company? (5)
1. Owners of a company want to assess management performance 2. They provide capital for the company so are interested in the risk to their capital and the return they will get for taking that risk 3. They need information to help them determine whether they should buy, hold, or sell shares 4. They want to know how profitable the company's operations are and how much profit is available for distribution to shareholders through a dividend 5. The value of their investment in the company is affected by the company's profitability
31
What financial information do suppliers need about a company?
Suppliers want to know about the company's ability to pay its debts Trade creditors are likely to be interested in an entity over a shorter period than lenders, unless they are dependent upon the continuation of the entity as a major customer
32
What financial information do customers need about a company?
Customers need to know that the company is a secure source of supply, so that repeat purchases and after-sales care will be available
33
What financial information do finance providers need about a company?
A bank wants to ensure that the company is able to keep up loan payments.
34
What financial information do HM Revenue and Customs need about a company?
HMRC want to know about business profits in order to assess the company's tax liabilities
35
What financial information do employees need about a company?
Employees and their representative groups need information about the stability and profitability of their employers, so they can assess the entity's ability to provide remuneration, retirement benefits, and employment opportunities
36
What financial information do financial analysts and advisers need about a company?
Financial analysts and advisers need information for their clients or audience
37
What financial information do stockbrokers need about a company?
Stockbrokers need information to advise investors
38
What financial information do credit agencies need about a company?
Credit agencies want information to advise potential suppliers of goods to the company
39
What financial information do journalists need about a company?
Journalists need information for their reading public
40
What financial information do government agencies need about a company? (2)
1. Government agencies are interested in the efficient allocation of resources and therefore in the activities of enterprises 2. They also require information in order to provide a basis for national statistics
41
What financial information does the Financial Conduct Authority need about a company?
The FCA requires information to ensure compliance with regulations and the law
42
How can external users of financial statements access accounting information about a company?
Limited liability companies are required to make accounting information public. This is done by filing information centrally, as a Companies Act 2006 requirement.
43
What does GAAP stand for?
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice
44
What does IFRS stand for?
International Financial Reporting Standards
45
What does IASB stand for?
International Accounting Standards Board
46
What is the IASB responsible for?
The International Accounting Standards Board is responsible for setting international financial reporting standards
47
According to the IASB's Conceptual Framework, what is the purpose of financial reporting?
'The objective of general purpose financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders, and other creditors, in making decisions about providing resources to the entity.'
48
What is UK GAAP derived from? (2)
1. The Companies Act 2006 | 2. UK and international accounting and financial reporting standards
49
What comprises the standards and interpretations issued by the IASB? (4)
1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 2. International Accounting Standards (IAS) 3. IFRS Interpretations committee 4. SIC Interpretations
50
According to the Conceptual Framework, under what conditions is financial information useful?
Financial information is useful when it is relevant and faithfully represents what it purports to represent
51
According to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, what is a complete set of financial statements for a reporting period? (6)
1. A statement of financial position at the end of the reporting period 2. A statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the reporting period 3. A statement of changes in equity for the reporting period 4. A statement of cash flows for the reporting period 5. Notes comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information 6. A statement of financial position as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period when an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively, makes a restatement of items in its financial statements, or reclassifies items
52
Define capital expenditure
Capital expenditure is expenditure that results in the acquisition of non-current assets or an improvement or enhancement of their earning capacity
53
Where is capital expenditure presented in the statement of financial position?
Under non-current assets
54
Define non-current assets
Assets which will be kept in the entity for more than one year
55
Define revenue expenditure
Expenditure that is incurred either for trade purposes or to maintain the existing earning capacity of non-current assets
56
Where is revenue expenditure charged to?
Statement of profit or loss of a period
57
Define capital income
Proceeds from the sale of non-current assets
58
Where are profits or losses from the sale of non-current assets included?
In the statement of profit or loss for the reporting period in which the sale takes place
59
Define revenue income
Income derived from the sale of trading assets, the provision of services, interest and dividends received from business investments
60
Why is the distinction between capital and revenue items important?
Calculating profit for any reporting period depends on the correct and consistent classification of revenue or capital items
61
What does the Conceptual Framework identify as the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful accounting information?
Relevance and faithful representation
62
When is financial information relevant?
When it is capable of making a difference in the decisions made by its users
63
When does financial information make a difference to decisions
When it has predictive and confirmatory value
64
Define predictive value
It can be used to predict future outcomes
65
Define confirmatory value
It provides feedback about previous evaluations
66
What is the relevance of financial information affected by?
Its nature and materiality
67
When does financial information provide a faithful representation?
When it is complete, neutral, and free from error
68
When is financial information complete?
When all information necessary for a user to understand the transactions or events being depicted is included
69
When is financial information neutral?
When it is unbiased
70
When is financial information free from error?
Free from error in the context of faithful representation does not mean the information is perfectly accurate in all respects. Instead it means there are no errors or omissions in the description of it and the process used to produce the reported information has been selected and applied with no errors in the process
71
How can the qualitative characteristics on financial information be enhanced?
By the following enhancing qualitative characteristics: 1. Comparability 2. Verifiability 3. Timeliness 4. Understandability
72
Define comparability
Comparability is the qualitative characteristic that enables users to identify and understand similarities in, and differences among, items
73
Define verifiability
Verifiability helps to assure users that information is a faithful representation of the transactions or events it purports to represent; it can be proven
74
Define timeliness
Timeliness means having information available to decision-makers in time to be capable of influencing their decisions
75
Define understandability
Information is understandable if it is classified, characterised, and presented clearly and concisely
76
Define fair presentation
The faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events, and conditions, in accordance with the Conceptual Framework
77
Define going concern
The entity is viewed as continuing in operation for the foreseeable future. It is assumed the entity has neither the intention nor the necessity of liquidation or ceasing to trade
78
Define accrual basis of accounting
Items are recognised as assets, liabilities, equity, income, and expenses, when they satisfy the definitions and recognition criteria for those elements in the Conceptual Framework
79
Define cash accounting basis of acocunting
Under this method, a company records customer receipts in the period that they are received, and expenses in the period in which they are paid.
80
Define material
omissions or misstatements of items are material if they could, individually or collectively, influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements
81
Define the historical cost convention
The monetary amount at which items are often measured in financial statements is at historical cost; the amount the business paid to acquire them
82
What does the IESBA Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants describe?
The five fundamental principles of professional ethics that accountants must adhere to
83
What are the five fundamental principles of professional ethics that accountants must adhere to
Integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality, and professional behaviour
84
Define integrity
A professional accountant should be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships
85
Define objectivity
A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflict of interest, or undue influence of others to override professional or business judgements
86
Define professional competence and due care (2)
1. A professional accountant has a continuing duty to maintain professional knowledge and skill at the level required to ensure that a client or employer receives competent professional service based on current developments in practice legislation, and techniques. 2. A professional accountant should act diligently and in accordance with applicable technical and professional standards when providing professional services
87
Define confidentiality
A professional accountant should respect the confidentiality of information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships and should not disclose any such information to third parties without proper and specific authority unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose
88
Define professional behaviour
A professional accountant should comply with relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action that discredits the profession

Accounting (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions