Chapter 1 - Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What is the metabolic rate
The rate at which chemical reactions happen in cells
What factors can affect the metabolic rate
The proportion of muscle to fat in your body and your inherited factors
What do you need good cholesterol for
For your cell membranes and to make vital substances
What causes infectious diseases
Pathogens
What happens when bacteria or viruses enter the body
They reproduce rapidly
How do bacterial and viruses make you feel ill
By producing toxins
What’s a difference between a virus and a bacteria
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and reproduce inside cells. The damage to the cells also makes you I’ll
Why did it take a long time for others to accept the ideas of Semmelweis
Bacteria and viruses had not been discovered yet
What does the skin do
It prevents pathogens getting into the body
What are the other ways of preventing pathogens from entering the body
They are trapped by mucus and killed by stomach acid
What are the three ways white blood cells defend the body
- They can ingest the pathogens.
- They produce antibodies to help destroy particular pathogens
- They produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins that pathogens produce
Why are viruses difficult to kill
They reproduce inside the body cells so any treatment could also damage the body cells
What can a culture of microorganism be used for
To find the effect of antibiotics on bacteria
What happens if the culture is contaminated
Other bacteria could grow including pathogens
What are the two ways of keeping the culture pure
- Kill all the bacteria on the equipment by passing a metal loop through a flame
- Prevent microorganisms from the air getting into the equipment
