Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

absolute zero

Answer 1

lowest temperature attainable; temperature at which all thermal motion ceases

Question 2

accuracy

Answer 2

how well a measurement agrees with the true value

Question 3

atoms

Answer 3

building blocks of matter

Question 4

Celsius scale

Answer 4

water freezes at 0 and boils at 100

Question 5

changes of state

Answer 5

physical changes of matter from one state to a different one

Question 6

chemical change/chemical reaction

Answer 6

processes in which a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

Question 7

chemical properties

Answer 7

properties that describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances

Question 8

chemistry

Answer 8

study of composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter

Question 9

chromatography

Answer 9

separation based on differing abilities of substance to adhere to the surfaces of solids

Question 10

compound

Answer 10

substance composed to 2+ elements bonded in definite proportions

Question 11

density

Answer 11

amount of mass in a unit volume

Question 12

derived unit

Answer 12

unit obtained by multiplication or division of one or more of the SI base units

Question 13

dimensional analysis

Answer 13

method of problem solving in which units are multiplied together or divided into each other along with the numerical values

Question 14

distillation

Answer 14

separation process that depends on differing boiling points of substances

Question 15

elements

Answer 15

substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances

Question 16

energy

Answer 16

the capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 17

extensive properties

Answer 17

property that depends on the amount of sample considered

Question 18

filtration

Answer 18

physical separation process by states of matter

Question 19

gas

Answer 19

matter than has no fixed volume or shape; uniformly fills its container

Question 20

heat

Answer 20

energy used to cause temperature increase

Question 21

intensive properties

Answer 21

property that does not depend on the amount of sample being examined

Question 22

joule

Answer 22

SI unit of energy = kg*m^2/s^2

Question 23

Kelvin scale

Answer 23

SI temperature scale

Question 24

kinetic energy

Answer 24

energy associated with motion of an object

Question 25

law of constant composition/law of definite proportion

Answer 25

the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same

Question 26

liquid

Answer 26

matter that has a distinct volume independent of its container

Question 27

mass

Answer 27

measure of the amount of material in an object

Question 28

matter

Answer 28

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 29

metric system

Answer 29

system of measurement used in science and most countries; meter and gram are examples

Question 30

mixtures

Answer 30

combination of 2+ substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

Question 31

molecule

Answer 31

comprised of 2+ atoms arranged in a certain way

Question 32

physical change

Answer 32

changes in physical appearance (such as phase change) that occur with no change in chemical composition

Question 33

physical properties

Answer 33

properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance

Question 34

potential energy

Answer 34

energy an object possesses by virtue of its position relative to other objects

Question 35

precision

Answer 35

how closely different measurements agree with one another

Question 36

property

Answer 36

characteristic giving matter a unique identity

Question 37

pure substance

Answer 37

matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties

Question 38

SI units

Answer 38

preferred metric units for use in science

Question 39

significant figures

Answer 39

digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; last digit is uncertain

Question 40

solid

Answer 40

matter that has both definite shape and volume

Question 41

solution

Answer 41

mixture of substance that has a uniform composition; homogenous mixture

Question 42

states of matter

Answer 42

three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, gas

Question 43

temperature

Answer 43

measure of the hotness or coldness of an object; physical property that determines the direction of heat flow

Question 44

work

Answer 44

energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes displacement